The South-African Socio-Economic and Political Context free essay sample

In this task the understudy will break down the more extensive national setting and the effect and difficulties for social government assistance administrations and social work in South Africa. This task will incorporate an investigation of 5 media cuts, State of Nation Address by the President, Mr Jacob G. Zuma and the Budget Speech by the Minister of Finance, Mr Pravin J. Gordhan. This is the individual’s examination of the articles, which will additionally guide and include towards the gathering work task. 2. Territory of Nation Address (RSA, State of Nation Address, 2012) The State of Nation Address of South Africa 2012 was introduced by President Jacob Zuma on the eighth of February 2012. President Jacob Zuma recognized the advancement made just as approaches to additionally improve different zones in South Africa that should be tended to. He recognized regions, for example, wellbeing, vitality, human settlement, instruction, and battle against wrongdoing, water arrangement and rustic turn of events. We will compose a custom paper test on The South-African Socio-Economic and Political Context or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In 2011 occupation creation was mainstreamed, participation between government was reinforced; just by cooperating the difficulties in South Africa can be tended to. There has been advanced made, however neediness, joblessness and disparity is as yet a major test in South Africa. The national Cabinet recognized that the economy of the nation needs to develop so as to dispense with destitution, issues of joblessness and disparity. In 2012 there will be significantly center around foundation advancement. This can help with the improvement of instruction, wellbeing, work creation, country advancement and different zones of difficulties in South Africa. 3. Spending Speech (RSA, Budget Speech, 2012) The National Budget Speech for South Africa 2012 was conveyed by the Minister of Finance Pravin Gordhan on the 22nd of February 2012. Pravin Gordhan (RSA, Budget Speech, 2012) expressed that â€Å"We stay enduring in tending to the difficulties of making occupations, diminishing destitution, building foundation, and growing our economy. † Social awards for individuals get the most cash, where more than 16 million South Africans get an award. South Africa is a formative state, however by expanding the measure of the awards and the individuals who get the awards, it isn't formative in any way. South Africa should take a gander at different perspectives and discover approaches to improve individuals without being reliable on the social awards. Is giving more than 16 million citizen’s social award truly easing neediness or is it compounding the issue of destitution in the nation? Instruction and framework gets a high measure of funds to address the current need in South Africa. There is cash set out for various territories and to help address the difficulties that South Africa faces. The funds are there to address the difficulties, however the legislature ought to use these accounts as compelling as could be expected under the circumstances. Without these accounts, administrations and issues can’t be tended to in this way giving the legislature and other key members in this nation a duty towards South Africa and the difficulties confronted each day. 4. Article 1: â€Å"Study shows awards end up in right place† (2012) There has been another examination discovered that the social award cash is being given to the ideal individuals (Study shows awards end up in correct spot, 2012). The article further expresses that the cash that is given to the ladies for the youngster bolster award utilizes it for the house hold costs, food and the kids. The cash given is exceptionally low, in the Budget Speech it expresses that the social awards will increment from R105 billion to R122 billion in the following 3 years (RSA, Budget Speech, 2012). The investigation infers that the ladies who get these awards are settling on key money related choices in their family units. Further on the article express that the ladies don’t simply get the awards, however take an interest in ventures and the network to upgrade their personal satisfaction. Subsequently the ladies simply get cash, however they do create and develop in participating and utilizing their budgetary aptitudes. Along these lines the awards are simply given, yet is framing some portion of social turn of events. This investigation was directed for a long time in Soweto, in this way just focussed on the territory Doornkop. Implications that this creating of individuals doesn't vital go all over South-Africa. South Africa is a formative nation, despite the fact that awards are not formative, there is a chance to improve the individuals associated with the social framework. This upgrade can be accomplished by giving individuals duty and allowing them the chance to grow new abilities and information. With the end goal for them to improve their personal satisfaction and development occurring for individuals to become free and assuming responsibility for their own lives. In this investigation Patel expressed that giving helpless ladies awards has allowed them the chance to approach assets and empowering them to assume responsibility for their accounts and to decide. The ramifications of the awards can be a beginning stage for ladies to have chance to transcend destitution, approaching it slowly and carefully where assets and abilities can improve neediness lightening. The difficulties that exist in the social government assistance and the administrations are to give and create ladies in learning them abilities that accompanies the awards. 5. Article 2: â€Å"Jongmense sonder werk bedreig SA, se Nzimande†(Prince, 2012:10) Prince (2012:10) states in his article that the 3 million jobless youth between the ages of 18 and 24 years are compromising the strength of South Africa. Dr. Cutting edge Nzimande expressed that the administration will develop instruction and instructive universities and that the VOO-schools will assume a main job. President Jacob Zuma further expressed that the administration will give R 2,5 billion in the following three years to extend and improve schools. He further expressed that it will shape some portion of the foundation venture, likewise expressed in the State of Nations Address. There will be more schools, colleges and medical clinics assemble. Dr. Nzimande said that there is a negative impression of universities and that is a result of the absence of accounts, foundation and pertinent courses. The ramifications of the adolescent completing their investigations and addition more aptitudes can profit South Africa in various work areas and there will be talented individuals to have the option to accomplish certain work. Whenever executed as expressed the test will be to make the open door for the young to enter the work part. Without the accessibility of occupations, it is hard to address the high joblessness rate right now. The young should be tested and persuaded by social specialists and social government assistance, to facilitate their instruction and to finish their examinations, for them to have the chance to enter distinctive work segments. â€Å"Politiek kaap gedeelde optog oor swak skool†(Jansen amp; Claasen, 2012:20) In the Budget Speech (2012) Pravin Gordhan expressed that training gets a huge portion of the administration spending. The cash is distributed towards foundation of schools, to understudy bursaries and to grow further instruction, preparing universities and ability improvement. Jansen amp; Claasen (2012:20) expounded on an episode that happened in Grabouw: There was n challenge an overpopulated school, where the dark and earthy colored inhabitants of this zone turned on one another and got vicious. The school had numerous harms. One of the inhabitants additionally expressed that the dissent was for the awful states of the study halls; where cash was assume to be given to the school in 2004 by the legislature. Ideological groups likewise had words for one another, where the DA expresses that the ANC utilizes a group to make destruction in the zone all together addition more votes. There ought to be a reasonable spotlight on training and the significance there of. Rather than upgrading and attempting to improve or make the administration mindful of the issue, the occupants assumed responsibility and made more harm the school than great. The issue is the overpopulated school and the awful homerooms. In addition to the fact that government promised the school cash, and demonstrated that they are giving cash for foundation for schools in South Africa, however the test is to address this need. The test for social specialists is to stand up and make their voice uproarious in the administration on the bad form happening on account of disregard. The ramifications of government not tending to this need can be of an impediment to the networks. Social specialists should provoke the Government on the best way to improve and address all the schools that needs help. Instruction is significant, and with training comes openings for work and better personal satisfaction. Individuals of South Africa need to regard the privilege of instruction and the significance there of, by supporting and upgrading the educational system and not to aggravate it for the youngsters that needs to go to class. The difficulties that exists in the social government assistance and social work administrations is to elevate social equity and to make individuals mindful of their privileges yet additionally to assume liability for their activities and regard that for which they represent. 7. Article 4: â€Å"Greatest human rights infringement is poverty† (2012) Pregs Govender, delegate director of the South African Human Rights Commission said that neediness in South Africa is the best human rights infringement (Greatest human rights infringement is destitution, 2012). She further expressed that particularly ladies don’t approach sanitation in the rustic territory. The privilege to wellbeing isn't open to all individuals as it ought to be. President Zuma expressed in the State of Nation Address (2012) that the Constitution is the central vision explanation wherein strategies and activities are guided in South-Africa. He likewise expressed that they will deal with the improvement of sanitation, water, power and streets. The inquiry to be posed is

Assignment 1 Demand Estimator Essay

Envision that you work for the producer of a main brand of low-calorie, solidified microwavable food that appraises the accompanying interest condition for its item utilizing information from 26 general stores around the nation for the long stretch of April. For an update on free and ward factors, it would be ideal if you go to Sophia’s Website and audit the Independent and Dependent Variables instructional exercise, situated at http://www.sophia.org/instructional exercises/autonomous and-subordinate variablesâ€3. Choice 1 Note: coming up next is a relapse condition. Standard blunders are in enclosures for the interest for gadgets. QD = †5200 †42P + 20PX + 5.2I + .20A + .25M (2.002) (17.5) (6.2) (2.5) (0.09) (0.21) R2 = 0.55 n = 26 F = 4.88 Your director has approached you to figure the flexibilities for every autonomous variable. Expect the accompanying qualities for the autonomous factors: Q = Quantity requested of 3-pack units P (in pennies) = Price of the item = 500 pennies for every 3-pack unit PX (in pennies) = Price of driving competitor’s item = 600 pennies for each 3-pack unit I (in dollars) = Per capita salary of the standard metropolitan factual region (SMSA) in which the stores are found = $5,500 An (in dollars) = Monthly publicizing consumptions = $10,000 M = Number of microwaves sold in the SMSA in which the general stores are found = 5,000 Choice 2 Note: coming up next is a relapse condition. Standard blunders are in enclosures for the interest for gadgets. QD = - 2,000 †100P + 15A + 25PX + 10I (5,234) (2.29) (525) (1.75) (1.5) R2 = 0.85 n = 120 F = 35.25 Your administrator has askedâ you to register the flexibilities for every autonomous variable. Accept the accompanying qualities for the free factors: Q = Quantity requested of 3-pack units P (in pennies) = Price of the item = 200 pennies for each 3-pack unit PX (in pennies) = Price of driving competitor’s item = 300 pennies for every 3-pack unit I (in dollars) = Per capita pay of the standard metropolitan factual territory (SMSA) in which the general stores are found = $5,000 An (in dollars) = Monthly publicizing consumptions = $640 Write a four to six (4-6) page paper in which you: 1. Register the flexibilities for every autonomous variable. Note: Write down the entirety of your computations. 2. Decide the suggestions for every one of the processed versatilities for the business as far as present moment and long haul valuing techniques. Give a reason wherein you refer to your outcomes. 3. Suggest whether you accept that this firm ought to or ought not slice its cost to expand its piece of the pie. Offer help for your proposal. 4. Expect that all the elements influencing request in this model continue as before, however that the cost has changed. Further accept that the value changes are 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 dollars. 1. Plot the interest bend for the firm. 2. Plot the comparing gracefully bend on a similar diagram utilizing the accompanying MC/flexibly work Q = - 7909.89 + 79.0989P with similar costs. 3. Decide the balance cost and amount. 4. Blueprint the critical components that could cause changes in gracefully and interest for the item. Decide the essential way where both the present moment and the drawn out changes in economic situations could affect the interest for, and the flexibly, of the item. 5. Show the significant components that could cause rightward shifts and leftward movements of the interest and flexibly bends. 6. Use in any event three (3) quality scholarly assets in this task. Note: Wikipedia doesn't qualify as a scholastic asset. Your task must follow these arranging prerequisites: 7. Be composed, twofold separated, utilizing Times New Roman text dimension (12), with one-inch edges on all sides; references and references must follow APA orâ school-explicit arrangement. Check with your teacher for any extra directions. 8. Incorporate a spread page containing the title of the task, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The spread page and the reference page are excluded from the necessary task page length. The particular course learning results related with this task are: 9. Break down how creation and cost works in the short run and since quite a while ago run influence the technique of individual firms. 10. Apply the ideas of gracefully and request to decide the effect of changes in economic situations in the short run and since quite a while ago run, and the monetary effect on a company’s tasks. 11. Use innovation and data assets to investigate issues in administrative financial aspects and globalization. 12. Compose obviously and compactly about administrative financial matters and globalization utilizing appropriate composing mechanics. Snap here to see the evaluating rubric.

CHAPTER 11 POLITICS AND THE ECONOMY TER Essay

Part 11 POLITICS AND THE ECONOMY TER Essay Part 11 POLITICS AND THE ECONOMY TER Essay Part 11 POLITICS AND THE ECONOMY TERMS AND PEOPLE TO KNOW Bargain The trading of merchandise and enterprises for different products or administrations, without trading cash. Free enterprise A monetary framework where people own the methods for creation, in light of rivalry the proprietors decide creation and set costs, and the quest for benefit is the purpose behind appropriating products and ventures. Obvious CONSUMPTION-Thorstein Veblen’s expression for a change from the protestant ethic to an excitement to flaunt riches by the utilization of products. Combination THEORY-The view that as entrepreneur and communist financial frameworks each receive highlights of the other, a crossover for monetary framework will develop. Enterprises an organization or gathering of individuals approved to go about as a solitary substance (legitimately an individual) and perceived as such in law. Cash an arrangement of cash when all is said in done use in a specific nation. Majority rule SOCIALISM-A crossover monetary framework in which the individual responsibility for is blended in with the state responsibility for thought fundamental to the open government assistance, for example, the postal help and the conveyance of medication and utilities. E-CASH-electronic money related exchanges directed in the internet by means of PC systems. ECONOMY-An arrangement of delivering and disseminating products and ventures. Best quality level the framework by which the estimation of a cash was characterized as far as gold, for which the money could be traded. The best quality level was commonly deserted in the Depression of the 1930s. Total national output the all out estimation of products created and benefits gave in a nation during one year. Swelling a general increment in costs and fall in the buying estimation of cash. Free enterprise CAPITALISM-Unrestrained assembling and exchange (truly, â€Å"hands off† private enterprise). MARKET FORCES-The law of flexibly and request. Mechanism OF EXCHANGE-A middle person instrument used to encourage the deal, buy or exchange of products between parties. In present day economies the mechanism of trade is cash. Imposing business model Complete control of the whole flexibly of products or of an assistance in a specific zone or market. Communism A financial framework described by the open responsibility for methods for creation, focal arranging, and the circulation of products without a benefit intention. Resource ECONOMY-A sort of economy

Ackoff Management Misinformation Systems :: essays research papers

â€Å"Ackoff Management Misinformation Systems† Ackoff recognizes five suppositions regularly made by planners of the board data frameworks (MIS). With these suppositions, Ackoff contends that these presumptions are as a rule not advocated cases, and regularly lead to significant insufficiencies in the subsequent frameworks, for example The executives Misinformation Systems. To conquer these presumptions and the lacks which result from them, Ackoff suggests that administration data framework ought to be imbedded in an administration control framework. The Ackoff Assumptions are that: (1) Due to absence of applicable data, most supervisors work under this inadequacy; With the principal presumption and dispute, I’d need to oppose this idea. As indicated by Ackoff, it appears that solitary certain data is valuable, while the other is futile and it overburdens the directors. In this way, top administration typically gets separated info that subordinates have deliberately screened a few times. Nonetheless, top administration needs more data and information, increasingly subjective info, and less proper investigation than it gets. Now and then, the valuable data may appear to be futile at once, may turn out to be progressively significant at some other point. In this way, I accept that all data be promptly accessible for the supervisor to continue forward in an auspicious manner. (2) The supervisor needs the data he needs; I consent to a specific angle to this philosophy. No ifs, ands or buts, without the best possible data, the director is futile on the grounds that they can't immediate their laborers the correct way. Individuals working for the administrator will in general require more data from the top. Increasingly significant, they need a general and, in some cases, a particular ability to know east from west and backing. Without a legitimate course, all individuals included will simultaneously feel underutilized, and will attempt to assemble all data, significant or unimportant and occupy their work time, without accomplishing any objectives. (3) A chief will improve his dynamic, on the off chance that he has the data he needs, This is a straight-forward sensible concurrence with the creator. Clearly if the data is accessible, the chief will have the option to improve a judgment. Without legitimate data from over, the individuals working for the director will be lost. Then again, on the off chance that the administrator has the data need to finish the undertaking, at that point the target will be unraveled in a brief timeframe, with everybody contributing in a positive way. (4) A superior correspondence between directors will improve hierarchical execution; I concur with the announcement above on the premise that correspondence is the most significant thing with regards to working as one.

Disadvantages of Homeschooling Essay

Is it an awful thing that self-taught children might be not the same as government funded school kids? A few people say that self-taught youngsters are savvy and affable. Then again, there is an alternate assessment that home-instructed youngsters are sluggish, good old, guileless and don't have decent training. Self-teaching is the training of youngsters at home by guardians who have various explanations behind it; for instance, better test outcomes, strict reasons, and living in segregated rustic zones. Robert Paul Reyes in his article â€Å"Home Schooling; Not a Good Idea† clarifies, â€Å"The advocates of self-teaching state it gives guardians control of their children’s educational plan and shields them from the brutality, sex, drugs, and other social ills that assail the government funded school system†(1). Self-teaching is a lawful decision for guardians to show their youngsters, yet I am against home training for everybody. There are numerous significant purposes behind enemy of self-teaching including absence of social abilities, inadequate educator guardians, and an absence of information and training for extraordinary requirements youngsters. One explanation against self-teaching is that kids are ill-equipped socially, all things considered, by learning at home. A few guardians don't care for state funded schools. They express, that it is sufficient for children to discuss just with relatives (Reyes 1). In any case, youngsters who learn at home during their educational years will discover it very hard to live in reality. These children don't encounter different societies and don't have communicational abilities. â€Å"How can a youngster figure out how to acknowledge different societies in the event that the person doesn’t live among them? (Scaccia 2) For instance, my neighbor, a young lady 23 years of age, was self-taught as a youngster, and afterward worked in a store. She completely doesn't have social abilities. She can't hold a vocation, since she can't work with clients or in a group with different representatives. Thit is the reason concentrating in government funded younger students can learn fundamental habits, cooperation, and regard for other people. The second purpose behind enemy of self-teaching is that a parent can't show a youngster in each subject just as an informed instructor. † Not every person is able to be an educator. A great deal of guardians can’t balance a checkbook or discover Iraq on a guide †not to mention show their young Algebra and Geography. Because you love little Johnny doesn't qualify you to be his teacher†¦ My mother and father cherished me, however it was a sixth grade educator that imparted in me an adoration for perusing and composing. † (Reyes 1) Some individuals feel that there are numerous books to show their kids at home, and it's anything but an issue if guardians are not profoundly instructed. As per Tamara Eaton,† Here’s your opportunity to learn directly alongside your kids! There are gigantic assets accessible to assist us with showing our own kids. Studies have demonstrated on numerous occasions that the accomplishment of self-teaching isn't needy upon the degree of the parents’ training. †(2) in all actuality guardians can't be acceptable and have information in Math, History, Grammar, and Music simultaneously. Additionally, parent-educators frequently don't have time and vitality to show kids, on the grounds that there is a great deal of work at home, for example, housecleaning and getting ready nourishment. At last, self-teaching is awful for extraordinary requirements youngsters, on the grounds that self-teaching guardians don’t have uncommon information. As indicated by Jesse Scaccia, â€Å"Homeschooling of these youngsters is dubious, in light of the fact that a ton of unique information is required. It is surely very protected to leave the instruction of these youngsters to the specialists. Custom curriculum educators have been prepared with the important abilities to deal with and show extraordinary requirements youngsters. †(4) I met a family who has an incapacitated kid. The youngster can't walk, sit, or talk. In three years, this kid concentrating in a state funded school can comprehend and clarify numerous things by pointing with one finger. Frequently, guardians choose to keep their incapacitated kids at home constantly. That is the reason these children can't speak with other kids and feel segregated. What sort of future is for these kids without accomplished pros? Taking everything into account, a few guardians need to self-teach their kids, since they wish to spare their children from awful things that occur in the state funded schools. Religion and living in disengaged zones are likewise the purposes behind home training. In any case, self-teaching isn't for everybody, in light of the fact that self-taught youngsters get next to no socialization to different societies and have correspondence issues. In addition, numerous guardians are not able to be the instructors, particularly in various regions, for example, History, Geography, Algebra, and unknown dialect. Additionally, keeping crippled youngsters at home constantly is an awful error. These kids can get specialized curriculum and administrations in the government funded schools by associating with different children. The main significant and principle key in a child’s accomplishment at an upbeat life is parental inclusion. Guardians should consistently instruct their youngsters and instruct them to act well, however the kid can likewise be learning these exercises by educators and their school peers.

Catching Up with Tim Massey, First Year HBS Student

This interview is the latest in an Accepted.com blog series featuring  interviews with current MBA students, offering readers a behind-the-scenes look at  top MBA programs. And now for a follow up interview with Tim Massey, who is about to complete his first year at Harvard Business School. (We first met Tim last year – you can read our first interview with him here.) Accepted: Since we last spoke you applied to and got accepted to HBS. Congrats! How has your first year been so far? It b-school as you expected it to be? Any surprises?   Tim: The first year has been an incredible ride. I’ve really enjoyed pretty much every aspect of it so far and I haven’t regretted my decision to study in the US for a second. The students here are an incredible bunch of people, and it’s really evident that the professors love teaching here. We’re fortunate enough to meet many of the protagonists of our cases or leading business leaders who come to visit our campus. The worldwide draw of HBS really enhances the experience. Without particularly seeking these opportunities out I’ve been able to listen to Peter Thiel (founder of Paypal and hugely successful investor), and Alan Mullaly (former CEO of Ford and Boeing). HBS also is far more friendly and collaborative than I expected. It has a reputation for being a tough dog-eat-dog place, and that’s not really been my experience at all. Yes, it’s competitive but certainly not at any cost. My biggest surprise is quite how busy I’ve been (despite HBS’ reputation) – it’s very different from my undergraduate studies and I’ve barely had a minute to myself from when I started right up until the Christmas break at the end of the first semester. Accepted: Which MBA programs did you end up applying to? Was HBS your first choice?   Tim: I described HBS originally as my joint first choice. As an engineer, I was also keen on MIT, but MIT made it an easy decision for me! I had a few other applications that I withdrew from early as I knew where I was going to be, and HBS is pretty much one of the first decisions you get in Round 1. Accepted: If you could change anything about the program, what would it be? Tim: My least favorite aspect of the whole MBA experience has undoubtedly been recruiting season. In contrast to many other parts of the experience, which tend to focus on self-growth and really achieving something meaningful, this seems very much stuck in the past. I am sure this is borne out of necessity to compete with other schools and maintain league placing high up the recruitment league tables that applicants look at. But depth of support is really variable between traditional MBA industries (finance/consulting) and other more creative directions. It is very much at odds with the rest of the course and HBS’s mission to ‘educate leaders who make a difference in the world.’ I have a strong suspicion this is not unique to HBS and I think the competitive stats-based ranking system for admissions to the top business school really influences behavior here. Any school that deviates from promoting the top highly paid starting salaries and internships will suffer from a disadvantage in these metrics, and this promotes a ‘groupthink’ approach. Accepted: Are you involved in any clubs on campus? How central to student life is club involvement? Tim: There is a pretty huge array of clubs on campus to join, HBS definitely benefits from its size in this respect with members forming based on range of different interests. The majority are based around either professional/career interests (e.g. VCPE club (venture capital/private equity), Tech club), geographical locations (e.g. Euro club/LatAm club) or sports, with some special interests thrown in. I’m been involved in helping to organize several of these, which is a bit of a throwback to my undergrad days when I was also heavily involved in the student body. The main difference is a slightly more ‘professional’ edge than undergraduate clubs, with most designed to help navigate and network amongst the diverse student body, and attract specific career opportunities to campus. Accepted: Can you tell us about   your experience with HBS FIELD program? Tim: So far, I’ve travelled to Chengdu in China on FIELD 2, working with a social enterprise focused on promoting recycling electronics (I wrote about this in a little more detail on my blog here). It was a great project and really allowed me to get a unique perspective on awareness of environmental issues in China. As a whole experience, it really challenged some perspectives I had before I went. At the moment I’m in the thick of FIELD 3, in the early stages of starting my own business with a group of other students. I’ll be sure to write more about it as we make progress! Accepted: Have you been keeping up your blogging? Can you direct us to one or two posts that will further help us get up to date with your b-school adventure? Tim: In addition to my post about FIELD above, I wrote down some of my perspectives on the first semester here. I’m trying to keep up the blogging, but the strain on my time commitments makes it a bit more difficult to find time than it used to be! I try to write once a month or so – I’m in an incredibly fortunate position to write about what’s it like on the inside – I try to answer the questions I had as an applicant, and if anyone has any suggestions of things they’d like to know more detail about, I’m happy to take requests! For one-on-one guidance on your b-school applications, please see our MBA Application Packages.   To read more about Tim’s b-school journey, please check out his blog, The Adventures of a MBA Student. Thank you Tim for sharing your story with us! Related Resources: †¢Ã‚  Best MBA Programs: A Guide to Selecting the Right One †¢Ã‚  What Does Harvard Business School Want?, a video †¢Ã‚  Life as an HBS MBA Student

TuesdACT The ACT Science Conflicting Viewpoints Passage

The Fighting Scientists One of the most dreaded passages on the ACT Science test is the Conflicting Viewpoints Passage, known by some students as the â€Å"fighting scientists† passage because it basically presents two or more scientists or students duking it out over their theories on some type of scientific phenomenon. A lot of students struggle with this passage because it does involve quite a bit of reading and because many of the questions are higher-level prompts that ask you to synthesize different bits of information or analyze new information introduced to the situation. But you can make your job easier by knowing exactly what to focus on as you read and by employing a specific reading strategy. So that is what this TuesdACT video is all about! In this episode, I talk about your two main jobs as you are reading the passage: finding the thesis and finding the similarities and differences between the viewpoints. I also talk about the two main reading strategies you have to choose from, either reading the passage all at once or reading the viewpoints one at a time, and how you can decide which approach is for you. P.S. Stay tuned for the special bonus hint at the end of the video about what it means when the Conflicting Viewpoints passage tips you off with the key phrase â€Å"According to the passage† ;). P.P.S For more on the ACT Science Conflicting Viewpoints passage, check out this related blog post!

Facilitating Learning and Assessment in Practice - 3273 Words

Introduction to English Studies (Eng 281) [pic] Sample Self-Reflective Essay #1 When I think of books, I can’t help but smile in anticipation of the journey I will embark upon from cover to cover, the secrets that will be revealed within their pages, the additions to my vocabulary I will collect as souvenirs, and the new avenues that will be excavated in the realm of my mind. Beginning as early as I can remember, books were read to me by my mother, my father and my sisters. The thrill of an outing to the public library while growing up in rural Wisconsin was every bit as exciting as a trip to the carnival or the circus because, as my earliest discoveries conveyed, books could take me any place. I believe I must have been born with a†¦show more content†¦These teachers possessed attitudes that found them among the favorites of students at the top of the academic ladder all the way to the bottom; students who cared more for science or sports and students who seemed to care for nothing at all found they could read works by Poe, Twain or Steinbeck an d become better for having read them and gleaned an understanding of their contents. Teachers who are able to foster appreciation of a literary work where there was none before are invaluable to the field of education. Reading literature, writing poetry, prose and essays and participating in theatre and forensics have been the major contributors to a better perception of the many facets of English for me, and that perception, I believe, was the catalyst for my ongoing romance with the components of the English language. I simply adore the use of words and the medley of ways in which words can be ordered to create new and distinct works of art. Just as an architect must thrill at the preparation of blueprints for the design of a building, I tingle at locating the right words to construct the perfect sentence. Reading diverse literature by a variety of authors has enabled me to take apart sentences and phrases and ponder why the author chose specific words as the blueprint for the design of a theme, message or character. I think thatShow MoreRelatedpp127 Facilitating Learning and Assessment in Practice5967 Words   |  24 PagesNURSING PRACTICE DEVELOPMENT PP 0127 ASSIGNMENT Facilitating Learning and Assessment in Practice I/C NO: 870402-08-6054 N U Student ID: 1404 1918 Cohort: 37 Word count: 2995 Introduction Mentorship is an integral role played by an experienced nurse to guide and train, less experienced nurse in their clinical area (Ali Panther, 2008). Mentors’ are required to facilitate learning in order to help nurses in developing essential skills and assess their proficiency in clinical practice (NMCRead MoreShould Tests Be Taught At School?940 Words   |  4 PagesThe use of assessments in school is always creating controversy due to the fact that many people believe that quizzes and tests do not define a student’s learning. While I agree that tests should not be the only defining factor of a student’s grade, assessments can be a valuable tool in understanding what a student has learned. Personally, I struggle with assessments because I went to a Waldorf school, which is an institution that does not believe in test taking. I believe that there are pros andRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Nursing Education1333 Words   |  6 Pagesguideline, a merging of the ration alities of past educators and an inherent feeling of what is right. After taking this teaching and learning course my philosophy of nursing education has change to facilitate learning, facilitate learning development and socialization, and implement evidence base assessment and evaluation strategies. To begin, facilitating learning shows respect for the learners. I believe learners are people who bring an extraordinary set of necessities and capacities to the classroomRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Professional Training752 Words   |  4 Pagesthem knew that adults’ learning and assessment should rather be task-based. Consequently, problem-solving activities should be preferred. As for negative achievements, one of them is concerned with decision making. Indeed, Knowles (1975) views the adult as a self-directed person who needs to be involved in all decisions concerning his learning and/or assessment. Thus, ignoring this requests training. Another negative point concerns the true meaning of the term â€Å"self-assessment†. Indeed, our resultRead MoreEssay on LS Unit 521878 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Level 5 Diploma in Leadership for Health and Social Care Learner Name: Unit Title: 521 Facilitate and development of effective group practice in health and social care or children and young people’s setting Learner statement Assessor Use Only- Assessment Criteria Met Learner to provide narrative under each statement of how they meet the criteria. You must provide answers to each question that allow your assessor to properly assess what work duties you are doing or what role you have within yourRead MoreGraduation Speech : Facilitating And Training Essay1101 Words   |  5 PagesFACILITATING AND TRAINING Dear friend, I greet you in the name of God. By God’s grace life here is going very good. Hope everything on your side is well. As you know I came to study Diploma in Health Services Management a level 7 course at a well-known college in New Zealand. It is one year diploma course. One of my subject is facilitating, training and development which I enjoyed the most. This is an interesting subject and this course will enhance my managerial and leadership abilities in trainingRead MoreEssay on My Personal Perspective of Coaching1659 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal coaching as defined by Biswas – Diener (2009) is a professional relationship in which coaches work with clients to facilitate experiential learning and improve functioning and performance, of in the context of working toward specific goals. Some core assumptions that people have an innate capacity to grow and develop a focus on mutually agreed upon goals, and an understanding that the relationship is relatively equal and collaborative as stated by the author (2009). Some techniques thatRead MoreThe Importance Of Critical Thinking On College Educa tion1030 Words   |  5 Pagesimportance of critical thinking in college education and encouraged educators to use authentic assessments that require students to demonstrate the understanding of course concepts and promote the development of critical thinking based on the results of their study that examined make up of test grades derived from traditional and authentic assessment and factors that influenced the educators use of assessment techniques. On the other hand, the article by Wiggins (2013) discussed ways to help studentsRead MoreProfessional : Self Assessment And Professional Standards1111 Words   |  5 PagesProfessional Dispositions: Self-Assessment and Professional Standards For many years the question has been asked, what is necessary for a teacher effectively accomplish successful instruction in the classroom? â€Å"In the early 1990s the Interstate New Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium (INTASC) offered an answer: dispositions† (Bercaw, L. Schussler, D. and Stooksberry, L. 2010. p. 350). Determining if a teacher has the skills and knowledge to be effective has never been an issue, but whetherRead MoreWhy Grades Are Not Acceptable Methods For Student Learning969 Words   |  4 PagesArizona University (NAU) address Core Component 4. B, a colleague was overheard making a comment. The colleague said â€Å"We already do assessment. We give grade and course evaluations. If you want to know how much students are learning, look at their grades and course evaluations.† The following paper will describe why grades are not acceptable methods for student learning. Additionally, it will propose a few questions that will make course evaluatio n data more useful in addressing accreditation requirements

Learning Through Classical and Operant Conditioning to...

Learning can be defined as an experience that causes a relatively permanent change in an organism. There are two broad types of learning, classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning has to do with associating a stimulus with a response and this was promoted by Ivan Pavlov. Operant conditioning has to do with the consequences of a behavior determining its future occurrence and was promoted by B. F. Skinner (Schater, Gilbert, Wegner, 2011). Each psychologist has examples of what they developed, but many other examples can be found in everyday life. In classical conditioning there are four different associations; the unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus and conditioned response. An†¦show more content†¦In operant conditioning trainers will use reinforcement and punishment as outcomes to increase or decrease the likelihood of the behavior that led to it. An example of Skinner’s is when he put rats in â€Å"opera nt chambers† that contained a lever for the rat to manipulate. If they pressed the lever at the right time they would be rewarded with food, and if pressed at the wrong time they could be punished with electrocution. There are many behaviors a trainer could teach because there are many options for reinforcement and punishment, and they could be done in different time intervals (Schater, Gilbert, Wegner, 2011). There are also positive and negative reinforcements and punishments. A positive reinforcement would be adding something such as food and a negative reinforcement would be subtracting something such as using sunscreen so that you avoid getting sunburnt. A positive punishment would be adding something such as a shock and a negative punishment would be taking something away such as a toy from a child when in trouble. An example of operant conditioning in my life is when I was younger and would talk back to my mom. If she told me to do something and I talked back she would e ither spank me or put me in time out. Getting spanked would be an example of a positiveShow MoreRelatedClassical Conditioning Vs. Operant Conditioning Essay1088 Words   |  5 Pages 1. a) Define Classical Conditioning and Behaviorism. b) Identify the two major characteristics that distinguish classical conditioning from operant conditioning. Classical Conditioning is a type of learning process of an individual when they come in contact with certain stimuli. According to Pavlov, a Russian psychologist, he developed several experiments on learning and he discovered that classical condition is the basic form of learning for an individual. However, according to Pavlov, behaviorismRead MoreClassical Vs. Classical Conditioning1295 Words   |  6 Pages Classical Conditioning Behaviorism Classical conditioning is a type of learning through which an organism learns to associate one stimulus with another. It can also be known as respondent conditioning. The stimulus is any event or object in the environment to which an organism responds. The components of classical conditioning are as follows: Unconditioned response (UR) which is a response that is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus without prior learning. Unconditioned Stimulus (US)Read More The Science of Psychology Essay1078 Words   |  5 Pages learning is behaviorism. Behaviorism was a movement in psychology and philosophy that emphasized the outward behavioral aspects of thought and dismissed the inward experiential aspects. It was proposed in 1913 by John B. Watson, who is known as the founder of behaviorism. Behaviorists are mainly concerned with the manner in which organisms learn or modify their behavior on the basis of the environment. They have defined learning as â€Å"a relatively permanent change inRead MoreEssay about Psychology: Classical Conditioning1146 Words   |  5 PagesBEHAVIORISM Classical conditioning is a type of learning through which an organism learns to associate one stimulus with another. It can also be known as respondent conditioning. The stimulus is any event or object in the environment to which an organism responds. The components of classical conditioning are as follows: Unconditioned response (UR) which is a response that is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus without prior learning. Unconditioned Stimulus (US) which elicits a specific unconditionedRead MoreLearning Theories, Behaviorism And Social Cognitive Theory1216 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Learning is a complex process that influences the knowledge and behaviours that humans do, or do not develop to adapt to a variety of situations (Ormrod, 2016). However, for people with disability, this learning process can often be hindered by the lack of abilities, or external and internal stimuli such as prejudice and self-efficacy respectively (Conyers, Enright, Strauser, 1998). The following essay will discuss two learning theories, behaviourism and social cognitive theory (SCT)Read MoreBehaviorism : A Psychological Approach2941 Words   |  12 Pagesfounded by Watson. It was basically based on the assumption or belief that it is possible to change, train and measure behaviors (Drisoll, 2000). Behaviorism is a psychological school of thought that was established when Watson published his classic paper Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It (1913). The terms behaviorism is, therefore, that psychological perspective whose its explanations about learning are actually based on the relationship that exists between the events in the environment andRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1163 Words   |  5 Pages Classical conditioning is based on an association between two stimuli and implies that we as organisms are rather passive in the learning process. Operant conditioning is based on a response and stimuli (i.e., consequences) that follow that response. Operant implies that organisms operate on the environment to produce consequences we anticipate based on previous active learning. Classical conditioning, the association between two stimuli is easily demonstrated in the media. For exampleRead MoreLearning - Questions1852 Words   |  8 PagesChapter 5 Learning 1. Experience causes learning if it results in a a. cognitive understanding of what has changed. b. internal changes in the organism which may or may not be detectable. c. relatively permanent change in behaviour, capability or attitude. d. maturation of the targeted area. The term learning applies to behaviour changes a. that are relatively permanent. b. that result from maturation. c. stemming from fatigue, drugs or illness. d. that are temporary. Which behaviours are consideredRead MoreA Critique of the Behavioural Theories of Learning4629 Words   |  19 PagesBEHAVIOURAL THEORIES OF LEARNING One of the most debated issues in psychology pertains to the nature and meaning of learning. The systematic study of learning is relatively new as it was in the late nineteenth century that studies in this realm began in a scientific manner. Psychologists borrowed techniques from the physical sciences, and conducted experiments to understand how people and animals learn. Psychologists have tried in the past to define and explain how learning takes place. Two ofRead MoreA Critique of the Behavioural Theories of Learning4640 Words   |  19 PagesBEHAVIOURAL THEORIES OF LEARNING One of the most debated issues in psychology pertains to the nature and meaning of learning. The systematic study of learning is relatively new as it was in the late nineteenth century that studies in this realm began in a scientific manner. Psychologists borrowed techniques from the physical sciences, and conducted experiments to understand how people and animals learn. Psychologists have tried in the past to define and explain how learning takes place. Two of

Electronic Medical Records - 1152 Words

Electronic Health Records: Are They Worth the Risk? October 18, 2009 Health care is a hot topic in today’s society- everything from reforming the industry so that people are not denied health coverage to finding ways that patients’ medical records can be accessed electronically for more convenience. Moreover, epidemics such as HIV/AIDS spotlights the issues surrounding public health agencies use of maintenance and storage of electronic health records (EHR). Myers, Frieden, Bherwani, and Henning (2008) state that although there are security breaches when personal health information is stored in electronic form, the data can be better secured than paper records because authentication, authorization, auditing, and accountability†¦show more content†¦McGraw, Dempsey, Harris, and Goldman (2009) agree with this concept by stating that it is important for the government and health agencies to respond to privacy and security risks, not just to build trust and avoid embarrassment, but because good health care depends on it. With out measures in place to protect their information patients will refuse to give out their information to protect themselves. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 hinders the comfort ability of having electronic health records because the current regulations does not apply to the businesses from the outside the health care industry that are now handling health information. Even if HIPAA’s rules was strengthened, they would not be well suited to the new businesses because the privacy principles in the framework are too broad to work across platforms and business models (McGraw et al., 2009). In conclusion, the government and health agencies are always in battle when the issue of protecting sensitive information especially consumers’ private information. Informational systems that manage and hold electronic health records are being updated with security measures so that the information is protected. The authors’ do realize that the go vernment and health agencies are always in an up-hillShow MoreRelatedMedical Records And Electronic Records998 Words   |  4 Pagespresented multiple issues concerning converting paper medical record to electronic medical records. The first concerns are the inefficiencies of the paper medical records and the steps needed to convert the current records to digital records. A second concern was that the medical staff would have to change their work habits to adjust to using the electronic medical records and the training that would be needed to implement the electronic record software. Another concern would be the various formatsRead MoreElectronic Medical Records ( Emr )1245 Words   |  5 PagesElectronic medical records (EMR) Introduction For centuries, paper-based records were the only way of communicating patient’s medical records throughout the health care system. Gradually, for the past two decades, the healthcare system has been transitioning toward computerized systems called electronic medical records better knowns as EMR. Dr. Clem McDonald from the Regenstrief Institute stated that his â€Å"goal was to solve three problems, to eliminate the logistical problems of the paper recordsRead MoreThe Benefits Of Electronic Medical Records1373 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The benefits of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) significantly outweigh the disadvantages, when it comes to the nursing care of patients in multiple settings. There have been multiple studies proving the enhancement and efficiency of nursing care in various areas, when electronic documentation is properly taught and utilized. Likewise, there is evidence supporting the reliability of the documentation, after comparing nurses’ verbal accounts of previously recorded information. When theRead MoreApplication Of Electronic Medical Records1299 Words   |  6 Pageslocal community. The purpose of electronic medical records is to improve the efficiency of health care delivery by sharing information of a patient s history, treatment and outcomes. With this product we will save time, increase reimbursement, decrease physicians, nurses and other staff members wait time and increase better clinical outcomes. EMR generates data that can drive care quality, patient safety and effective f inancial management. The Center for Medical Services known as CMS has mandatedRead MoreElectronic Medical Records ( Emr )1322 Words   |  6 PagesInformation Technology Technology plays a vital role on the overall productivity of a medical practice. Electronic medical records (EMR) are commonly used by both large and small practices. They offer practices an efficient mean of storing patient data; furthermore, the government offer incentives for meaningful use of electronic medical records. Generally when it comes to implementing an EMR, it is necessary to choose the right vendor. EMRs usually fall into three vendor systems: single-vendorRead MoreElectronic Medical Record ( Emr ) Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesElectronic Medical Record Introduction The introduction of computers has allowed the medical community to rapidly change the way they practice. Healthcare providers are no longer using paper records but have instead opted to utilize an electronic medical Record (EMR). While not all offices and hospitals have switched to an EMR it is becoming more standard to be a routine part of healthcare. Now patients can even view their health care records on the cellphones. Providers can access a patient’sRead MoreElectronic Medical Records Essay1856 Words   |  8 PagesElectronic Medical Records or Computerized Medical Record System what is it and what are the advantages along with the disadvantages of using this system? That is what we will discuss in this paper. Electronic Medical Records (EMR) is a computerized database that stores all of the personal and medical information of the patient’s care and billing information by the health care providers. Today, only the providers and medical practices can implement these systems. Also there are neither known nationalRead MoreElectronic Medical Record ( Emr )1688 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernment pushed for the automation of Electronic Medical Record (EMR), hospitals and private practices were required to follow the government mandate to avail of the incentives and at the same time to qualify for Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements. Moving from paper to electronic records was a monumental tasks not only in the implementation of the software but also in training all hospital providers to properly use the EMR. In 2010, the University of Maryland Medical System (UMMS) decided to switchRead MoreElectronic Medical Records1228 Words   |  5 PagesBased Medical Records Abstract In the medical field there have been a lot of technological advances and making health records electronic is one of them. The days of having a paper health record are almost obsolete. An electronic health record keeps a patient’s medical information and history on a computer which is accessible to more people in less time. I will explain how the continuity, communication, coordination and accountability of the electronic health record can help the medical officeRead MoreThe Electronic Medical Record956 Words   |  4 PagesFor a nation to be technologically advanced, the United States (U.S.) is having a hard time overcoming the dark era of utilizing hand written scripts, progress notes, and paper records. In comparison to other countries, the U.S. is lagging behind in the health care system. Even with all the improvements that have been made recently, the U.S. ranked last in 2014 in areas such as access, efficiency and equity compared to Australia, Canada, France Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden

The Logical Fallacies - 875 Words

What are logical fallacies, evidence, and error in misconceptions? The report will identify nine logical fallacies. If all evidence in an argument appears to be true, still the disputation may be invalid if the logic utilized is not sanctioned (â€Å"Logical Fallacies,† 2014). Another name for it is called logical error, in philosophy. There are many fallacies to be aware of when making a sound argument. The nine logical fallacies are Mere assertion/Circular reasoning/Ad hominem, Red herring/Pseudo-questions/False cause, and Sweeping generalizations/Slippery slope/Equivocation or changing means. ` Mere assertion/Circular reasoning/Ad hominem 1. Mere assertion is when one says a statement is true, because he or she straightforwardly believe†¦show more content†¦One may use it to defend him or herself against a skeptic, claiming that the skeptic is closed-minded. By way of example, Karina’s presentation should not be shown, because her religion is Christian. Cristian should not be allowed to speak, because he cannot drive. On the whole, Kevin should not be able to play soccer, because his mother is sick. Red herring/Pseudo-questions/False cause 4. Red herring is when one distracts someone or the audience to confuse them, with something irrelevant in a discussion. It leads the viewer to a false end. Also, can be used intentionally. As an illustration, Rudy’s mom asked him to clean the basement because he has not done anything this week, but he pointed out that he cut the grass two weeks ago. Hector and Jessica were fighting because no one has said â€Å"I love you† recently, so Hector pointed out that he was the first one to say it. Briefly, mother and father were arguing about who took the kids to school last, which mother pointed out that she took them to Chucky Cheese three times this month. 5. Pseudo-questions are when one’s answer to a question appears to makes sense, but the question cannot be answered. Questions that people generally fell into. Typically are open ended. To illustrate, if Albert Einstein was so smart, could he explained God? If Abraham Lincoln was honest, could he be honest throughout his whole life? Overall, if Michael Jackson was the best dancer of all times, could he do all the dance moves in theShow MoreRelatedFallacies : A Logical Fallacy1741 Words   |  7 PagesA logical fallacy is false or misinforming opinions that prove nothing. At times fallacies seem to be sound, and often have lots of persuasive control, even after it’s undoubtedly exposed as being untrue. Fallacies are not always deliberate, still yet we find them all over the place, like commercials for an example. Though there are several logical fallacies, four logical fallacies generally found in advertising are amphiboly, appeal to authority, appeal to emotion, and n on sequitur (logic). FallaciesRead MoreThe Is A Logical Fallacy?877 Words   |  4 Pagessupport it†¦ but your ideas may be ruined by what is called a â€Å"logical fallacy.† What exactly is a logical fallacy†¦? Logical fallacies are errors in reasoning that undermine the logic of your argument (Weber). There are a vast number of different types of fallacies, including Begging the claim, Sweeping Generalizations, slippery slope, hasty generalization, Ad hominem, red herring, and circular argument. Many of these types of logical fallacies can be witnessed throughout the media, whether it be in aRead More Logical Fallacies Summary and Application Essay1297 Words   |  6 PagesLogical Fallacies Summary and Application What do you see when you look at Begging the Question, Hasty Generalization, and Appealing to Emotion? When you initially look at these three categories they may not seem to have too much in common. However, when you look deeper you will see that in fact, they are all different types of logical fallacies. Logical fallacies are errors of reasoning, errors that may be recognized and corrected by prudent thinkers (Downes, 1995). The following quote helpsRead MoreLogical Fallacies. Logical Fallacies Can Be Found In Many1288 Words   |  6 PagesLogical Fallacies Logical Fallacies can be found in many forms of persuasions, in infomercials, political debates, common discussion, everywhere. Although Logical Fallacies are very common, they mar our arguments and should be avoided. In order to avoid them we must first learn to recognize them. To fully understand Logical Fallacies, we will look at the definition of Logical Fallacies, some examples of Logical Fallacies, classifications of Logical Fallacies, and finally why we should, and how weRead MoreLogical Fallacy Julius Caesar877 Words   |  4 Pageswith evidence. Ex. 1: â€Å"Cats are meaner than dogs.† Ex. 2: â€Å"Most people find church boring.† Ex. 3: â€Å"Homework is easy.† http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-generalization.html Logical fallacy: Errors in reasoning used by speakers or writers, sometimes in order to dupe their audiences. Use: Logical fallacy was used in Julius Caesar when Antony and Brutus spoke upon Caesar’s death. Antony was th e one to stoop down and flip Brutus’s words, however he did indeed use money to gain their trustRead MoreLogical Fallacies Exercise3117 Words   |  13 PagesAnswers to fallacy exercise, Part 2. I. Identify the fallacies of sufficiency committed by the following arguments, giv ­ing a brief explanation for your answer. If no fallacy is committed, write no fallacy.1 1. The Daily News carried an article this morning about three local teenagers who were arrested on charges of drug possession. Teenagers these days are nothing but a bunch of junkies. Hasty Generalization – not enough examples. 2. If a car breaks down on the freeway, a passing mechanic isRead MoreFallacies And Fallacies Of Fallacies1006 Words   |  5 PagesWade brueggeman Professor Mcginty English 1301 9 July 2015 Logical Fallacies Have you ever wondered if something is actually making you genuinely laugh or if it is just always laughed at so you feel like you must laugh at at? Sometimes people are so accustomed to the things around them that they are just going through the motions. Now fallacies are common errors within reasoning that will ruin the logic of your argument. They can be either illegitimate arguments or irrelevant points, and are oftenRead MoreAnalysis Of Max Shulman s Love Is A Fallacy 964 Words   |  4 PagesAnti-man Max Shulman’s â€Å"Love is a Fallacy† is an essay about a young man who gets more than he bargained for after trying to teach a gorgeous woman about logic. The narrator is portrayed as a law school freshman who is looking for a possible wife, suitable for a lawyer’s career. Polly Espy is the desired woman. Polly also happens to be the narrator’s roommate, Petey Bellows’ â€Å"girl†. So that the narrator can make his move on Polly, he barters an agreement that he will give Petey the raccoonRead MoreCritical Thinking and Example Essay631 Words   |  3 PagesJennifer Gleason AIU PHIL201-1203A-08 Introduction to Philosophy Sunday, June 24, 2012 Logical fallacies My whole paper will be over the logical fallacies and the examples I had made for each one. Now this all have to do with some kind of philosophy terms and what they truly mean but in my own words and examples. 1. Mere Assertion- Mere Assertion is when someone doesn’t want to give up an argument even known they can’t prove their right with no evidence. * Example: My daughterRead MoreThank You For Arguing Essay991 Words   |  4 Pagessection is titled Defense. It goes over logical fallacies, their downfalls, how to spot them, and much more. Such as, the â€Å"Seven Deadly Sins† of rhetoric, and the defensive tools of practical wisdom. A fallacy, by definition, is an argument that uses poor reasoning. Before one uses a fallacy, it’s important to have full understanding or else you risk losing your whole ethos aspect of your argument. Heinrichs gives three important parts to detecting fallacies. â€Å"All you have to do is look for a bad

Guided Reading free essay sample

Running head: GUIDED READING Module 2 Multicultural Education Kimmy Taylor [emailprotected] September 16, 2009 Rdg. 525 Grand Canyon University Instructor: Dr. Jamie Petrilla Abstract This paper will describe the leveling process and how leveled books fit into the reading classroom. It will also describe how to use tools yourself, to locate lists of leveled books, how the listed levels of a title compare between one you leveled, what the publisher class the level and the guided is reading classroom as a function. The last part of this paper will describe the instructional level of a student previously interview in Module 1. Guided Reading How to use leveling tools yourself Guided reading is an instructional approach that teacher uses when students are reading at the same level of instruction. The teacher selects books from certain reading levels to guide students to make connections from print to the text. The books are easily read with the support of the teacher. Challenges and opportunities for problem solving are offered in the text. Choice selection of the books from the teacher will expand their strategies. The purpose of guided reading is for the teacher to select books that students can read with 90% accuracy. When the story is introduced to the student by the teacher, the students, through their own strategies understand and enjoy the story because it is available to them. Pinnell, (2007) states that guided reading gives students the chance to apply the strategies they already know to new text. The teacher supplies support, but the ultimate goal is independent reading. Readers that have developed some since of print have already gained important understanding of it. If they have encountered a problem in reading they will monitor their own reading and check on themselves while searching for possibilities or alternatives How to locate list of leveled books. In order for the teacher to locate leveled books for their students, the teacher should select the students with similar reading habits and behaviors. These students should experience reading habits and behaviors in the same time frame. The guide lines of the choice of books should be not too easy, yet not too hard, and offers a variety of challenges to help readers become flexible problem solvers (Pinnell, 2007). When choosing a guided reading program or leveled books, the teacher should look for books that are similar to their knowledge, are interesting to them, support them to move to the next step in reading, and give just the right amount of challenge to ensure that problem solving is taking place while supporting fluency and understanding. Leveled book collection is a large set of books organized in levels of difficulty from easy books that an emergent reader might read, to the longer, complex books that advanced readers will select. The leveled books collections may be housed in an area where it is easily accessible. A key component in a guided reading program is the leveled books. The scholastic Guided Reading Program is a varied collection of books that are categorized by the kind and level of challenge they offer children as they are learning to read. The Guided Reading Program consists of 260 books organized into 26 levels of difficulty –Levels A-Z. Many different characteristics of the texts are considered in determining the level of challenge and support a particular book or short story presents (Pinnell, 2007) Some leveled books may consist of the teachers’ working collaborately together to construct leveled books from large collections of books. When teachers have been teaching a long time, they began to acquire the knowledge necessary to know what is easy and what is difficult for their students. When using the books frequently, the teachers will notice that categories of their collections will become more established (Scholastic. com) How the listed levels of a title compare between one you leveled. There are factors and criteria’s for leveling books. There is no distinct characteristic that can be used to evaluate text or reading materials. Some of the factors that are considered when evaluating text are length, layout, structure and organization, illustrations, words, phrases and sentences, literacy features, and content and theme (Scholastics. com). When compared the book that was leveled with the books in Scholastics, it was very close. The formation was based on the factors and criteria’s’ for leveling books. Guided reading classroom, how it functions, its advantages, and its disadvantages. The guided reading classrooms should have an independent reading practice location. This independent practice space should welcome students to a rich environment for reading. Teachers with a good sense of what a rich reading environment consist of will include in the reading practice location pillows or a couch for a feeling of an invitation to read. Students need to feel very comfortable when reading. The library in a guided classroom needs to be complete with rich and exciting literature. Some of the literature that should be included in the library is fiction, nonfiction, fantasy, magazines, current events, and sports and whatever you feel as a teacher that the students will be interested in. Technology is a major component of a guided reading classroom. It services as an independent and small group practice while the teacher is working with students in a small guided reading group. The guided reading groups should consist of four to six students at a time. The sessions for guided reading groups vary depending upon what level of readers you are dealing with. It is often 10-15 minutes for emergent readers, and 15-30 minutes for more advanced readers. Also in a guided reading classroom there should be cross curriculum centers for writing, art, and science which can be done at their desk with very little instruction. This would take very explicit planning on the teacher part. This will allow for the teacher to continue guided reading groups. A teacher-led small-group assessment area should be located in a place where the teacher has total vision of her classroom, but yet in an area where the students that are in the guided reading area can be together so that the skill can be implemented as one. Finally, there should be a designated area where the teacher can teach in a whole group setting. The advantages of a guided reading classroom when the teachers are working with a particular group, is that they can control what is going on in the classroom and ensure that the students are actively engaged at all times. By setting guided reading classrooms up this way, the teacher can take an informal assessment of behaviors whether or not the students are working in centers, at their desk or with the teacher in a guided reading group. The teacher should be taking running records, jotting anecdotal notes, or even conducting oral interviews if time permits. The disadvantages of this guided reading classroom is that it will take a lot of planning time to ensure that the centers all have meaningful activities that will help them read or increase their ability to interact with each other. Most of the time teachers do not have centers that are effective because of the necessary time needed for preparation to ensure an effective guided reading classroom. These guided reading groups should constantly change from week to week to ensure that all students are actively engaged in a differentiated atmosphere. Student from Module 1 This student could fall between emergent literacy and beginning reader because in module 1 the student started finger pointing and looking at the picture to determine the words. Also the student had trouble with the recognition of sight words. The student experienced difficulty with decoding unfamiliar words. This was a 3rd grade student that seemed very happy at home. The student does understand the concepts of print and words. Even thought she had trouble with decoding unfamiliar words, she seems to have phonological awareness. Knowledge of alphabets was noted. Her Independent level was grade 1, Instructional grade 1-2, and Frustration Level is Grade 3. Can this student benefit from a pull-out intervention program that focus on sight words and decoding? Conclusion This paper described the leveling process and how leveled books fit into the reading classroom. It will also described how to use tools yourself, to locate lists of leveled books, how the listed levels of a title compare between one you leveled, what the publisher class the level and the guided is reading classroom as a function. The last part of this paper described the instructional level of a student previously interview in Module 1. References Pinnell, G. S. (2007, Guided Reading Program, Scholastic, Scholastic, Red, New York, NY Scholastic. Com Retrieved September 14, 2009 from http://www2. scholastic. com/browse/article. jsp? id+4177

Taxation Law Peta Investment

Question: Discuss about the Taxation Law for Peta Investment. Answer: 1. Case Study Analysis Peta invested in a housing property two years ago in Kew. The house included two tennis courts at the back and it was not in good condition. Peta bought the house for residing with her family members and she also had the intention to construct three units in the Backyard so that she can sell them and make profit (Barkoczy et al., 2010). She received an offer in this assessment year whereby the neighbourhood Tennis club intends to buy the tennis court if it was converted to working condition. Peta changed her plan to take benefit of the attractive offer. She decided to invest $100,000 to renovate the old tennis court by fencing and resurfacing and convert it into working condition. The property now in good condition was sold for $600,000 to the tennis club. Nature of tax implication for amount received and if it is ordinary income according to s 6-5 According to Income assessment act 1997 s5-6, ordinary income is subject to income assessment for tax purpose based on ordinary concept. There is no standard explanation of ordinary concept and generally all earning considered as income by people and identified as part of income by the law (Barkoczy et al., 2010). The concept of ordinary income is generally by identifying three components namely The income earned from individual endeavour such as remuneration of the taxpayer. It is the wages and salary component of the remuneration. The earning generated from property such as house rent earned, interest and dividend received. The earning made from undertaking business activities such as trading, retail business and farming. The various components explained above is taken into account for income assessment, it is mandatory to find the difference between the component to identify which group of deduction it relate to, for example business activity undertaken by tax payer (Fong, and Pinto, 2006). The case mentioned above exhibit an isolated business activity and it can be related with the first limb of Myers and it explain all business activities undertaken with the purpose of earning profit then the income generated from that business activity will be considered as ordinary income with respect to ITAA s6-5 (Fong, and Pinto, 2006). Nevertheless if it is examined in the light of first limb of Myers it is mandatory that the purpose of earning profit at the time of buying the property required to be matching the approach of making profit from the business activity subsequently. Based on first limb of Myers it is significant that the business activity and the purpose of making profit need to support the deal to consider it to be an ordinary income. In context to the case where Peta has no business activity, it is important that the purpose of making profit must be present during the time the business deal occurred (Henry et al., 2009). As is evident from the case analysis above Peta expressed her intention to make profit when she stated that she plan to construct three units in the backyard where tennis court existed and sell them to earn profit during the purchase of property two years ago. It leads to an argument that with regard to the case there does exist in the purpose of making profit. Nevertheless it is clearly visible from the case analysis that the execution of original plan was done subsequently. With reference to the first limb of Myers it urge for the explanation of the purpose of making profit and its presence in the modified plan which occurre d (Henry et al., 2009). Here there can be a counter argument that the actual purpose of making profit was disposed based on the fact that the new deal offered better scope for Peta to accept the deal at the offered price making it the best offer as evident from the case of Westfield. From the case analysis it was established that the neighbourhood tennis club gave a purchase offer and Peta changed her initial plan based on the offer made. This makes for the argument that the initial purpose of making profit was disposed of. Again there can be an argument presented by the commissioner citing the case of TR92/3 AT (55-58) and it will, be supported by the fact that the income assessment would be applicable on earning made by the tax payer The acquisition of property was done the with purpose of making profit by any approach chosen based in suitability and subsequently profit is made by any approach which was undertaken with the initial purpose of making profit (Fong, 2002). The acquisition of property was undertaken by multi approach and way of making profit and use any of the approach to make profit; or The business deal was considered with the purpose of making profit by certain approach and ultimately another approach used to make the profit. The AAT with reference to the case of 1(1999) 99 ATC 101 and statement related with TR 92/3, lack element of truth and demand revision. This promotes the debate with regard to the opinion of high court in first limb of Myers? In this regard the case 1 of 1999 deal with the purpose of making profit while in the actual situation the making of profit was made from different method. Here the opinion of the court was with respect the taxation was non assessable (Fong, 2002). Further with regard to the case of FCT v Haass (1999) 99 the court expressed the opinion that the earning was assessable by stating the fact that though the profit making approach was not similar to the initial approach of plan. There is also probability that the taxpayer had purpose of making profit by undertaking multi approach and way of making profit and uses any of the approach to make profit. Therefore with regard to the illustration of the income tax assessment act 1997 and the related section along with the reference of first limb of Myers, the earnings of $600,000 is not ordinary income with respect to s6-5 as evident in the above explanation (Nethercott et al., 2010). Further in context to the case of FCT v Haass (1999) 99 it is ordinary income as explained above. 2. Alan takes the employment at ABC Pty Ltd (ABC) with contractual agreement for two years and he negotiated his remuneration that included salary and fringe benefit. The fixed salary amounted to $ 300,000. The other component included $220 every month as mobile phone allowance with GST included and the option of unlimited usage where Alan needs to pay fix monthly sum. He used the phone strictly for work. ABC Pty Ltd (ABC) paid the school fees and it amounted to $ 20,000 annually and it is free of GST (Nethercott et al., 2010). The company further gave the latest mobile phone handset and it amounted to $ 2000 that covered the GST. At the end of the year the company organized for employees and partners a diner at a local Thai restaurant for 20 people and it amounted to $ 6000 along with GST in the account of the company. a) Advising ABC of its FBT consequences and FBT liability Fringe benefits are additional benefit in the remuneration provided to the employee and it attracts tax liability. FBT is calculated on the gross amount of employee benefit provided for the given assessment year. The fringe benefit provided by company is generally non cash in nature. The calculation of tax with respect to fringe benefit is not the same as the calculation of tax for income tax purpose as the former deals with non cash benefit compared to cash benefit in the later. The applicable rate of FBT is 49% with regard to the assessment year of 2015 -16 but it will be reduced to 47% in the next assessment year 2016-2017 based on the TRBL. The remuneration component like salary and wages, superannuation and other benefits are excluded from the FBT liability (Kraal, Yapa, and Harvey, 2008). Further as stated in the FBTAA the benefits like expenses related with relocation, loan benefit, expenses related with work, remote area housing benefit, expenses of car payment with exemption , minor benefits with taxable income under s300 and expenses in work related tools and certain equipments are exempted from FBT. The 13 kinds of benefits with FBT liability as cited by FBTAA and it include Benefits from property Housing benefits Living away from home allowance benefits Car benefits Car parking benefits Board benefits Debts waiver benefits Meal entertainment benefits Airline transport benefits Residual fringe benefits Expense payments benefits Airline transport benefits Tax exempt body entertainment By applying the fringe benefits liability and exemption rules to the remuneration package of Alan in the case analysis above it can be stated that the mobile bill expenses would not be part of FBT taxation as it pertains to the office work. It will be exempted as mentioned under FBTAA exemption list related with FBT liability (Kraal, Yapa, and Harvey, 2008). Likewise mobile handset provided by the company is exempted from the FBT as it relates with expenses in tools and certain equipments under the FBTAA exemption list. Thus both $220 and $2000 pertaining to mobile bill expenses and mobile handset cost respectively will not have any FBT liability. The school fees are the personal expenses supposed to be paid by the employee. As in the case analysis above it is borne by the company it will have FBT liability as mentioned under the 13 benefits of FBT cited by FBTAA under the category of expense payment fringe benefit (Pattenden, and Twite, 2008). Therefore the amount of $20,000 related with school fess and GST free is FBT liable under type of FBTAA. The dinner party provided to the 20 employees and partners in a Thai restaurant at the end of the year by the company, it is liable for FBT as mentioned in the 13 kinds of benefits cited by FBTAA under meal entertainment category (Pattenden, and Twite, 2008). This is based on the assumption that the meal was not provided in the office hours. As such the expense of $6000 will have FBT liability for the company. Calculation of FBT for ABC Pty Ltd (ABC) Expense payment fringe benefit for ABC Pty Ltd (ABC) School fees borne by company as GST free = $ 20,000 FBT tax applicable calculation = $ 20,000 X 1.8868 = $ 37736 FBT liability calculation = $ 37736 X 47% = $ 17736 Meal entertainment benefits for ABC Pty Ltd (ABC) Dinner expense borne by the company = $ 6000 FBT tax applicable calculation = $ 6000 X 1.1 X 2.0802 X 50% = $ 7551 FBT liability calculation = $ 7551 X 47% = $ 3549 Total FBT liability = $ 17736 + $ 3549 = $ 21285 b) If ABC had 5 employees how the answer to A differ The answer to A would differ if there are 5 employees instead of 20 employees as in A. It would be lower payment pertaining to the dinner for ABC Pty Ltd (ABC). Therefore the FBT liability would also reduce in that proportion (Reinhardt, and Steel, 2006). The cost of dinner for 20 people was $ 6000 the cost of dinner for 5 people would be calculated as $ 6000/20 X5 and it works out to $ 1650. Thus the DBT would differ as shown below Cost of dinner = $ 1650 FBT tax applicable calculation = $ 1650 X 1.1 X 2.0802 X 50% = $ 1888 FBT liability calculation = $ 1888 X 47% = $ 887 c) If ABC included clients how the answer to A differ As stated by FBTAA 13 kinds of fringe benefits, the Meal entertainment benefits are restricted to employees and their associates. If the dinner party of the company included the clients then based on FBTAA rule it will be applicable for the employees and clients dinner will not be part of this calculation. Thus FBT liability in this case would remain the same as the clients dinner will not be part of the FBT Calculation (Woellner et al., 2016). Though there will additional expenses for the company it will not constitute the FBT liability related with employees. References Barkoczy, S., Rider, C., Baring, J. and Bellamy, N., 2010. Australian Tax Casebook. CCH Australia Limited. Fong, C. and Pinto, D., 2006. Research Guide to International Tax: An Australian Perspective, A. J. Austl. Tax'n, 9, p.82. Fong, C., 2002. Taxation Scholarship in Australia and New Zealand: A Preliminary View. J. Austl. Tax'n, 5, p.306. Henry, K., Harmer, J., Piggott, J., Ridout, H. and Smith, G., 2009. Australias future tax system. Canberra, Commonwealth Treasury. Kraal, D., Yapa, P.S. and Harvey, D., 2008, May. The impact of Australias Fringe Benefits Tax for cars on petrol consumption and greenhouse emissions. In Australian Tax Forum (Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 91-223). Nethercott, L., Richardson, G.A. and Devos, K., 2010. Australian Taxation Study Manual: Questions and Suggested Solutions. CCH Australia Limited. Pattenden, K. and Twite, G., 2008. Taxes and dividend policy under alternative tax regimes. Journal of Corporate Finance, 14(1), pp.1-16. Reinhardt, S. and Steel, L., 2006. A brief history of Australia's tax system. Economic Round-up, (Winter 2006), p.1. Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C. and Pinto, D., 2016. Australian Taxation Law 2016. Oxford University Press.

Sojourner Truth Essays (474 words) - Apocalypticists

Sojourner Truth If one ever been called a nigger or looked down upon when entering a room knows the pain of discrimination. The hard reality that faces the women of the north and the Negroes of the South today is the same. The northern women have been fighting for the right to vote while the Negroes have been fighting for their freedom. The white men are supposed to more powerful and much smarter than Negro women but then why aren't they given the rights to prove themselves? Many men argue that men are more powerful than women are. They say that women should be treated with the care and delicateness of a fragile glass figurine. Many slaves in the south, men and women, work under the hot burning sun for endless hours plucking cotton from the thorny branches of the cotton trees that has often cut me. The sweat that often blinded my vision before the afternoon hit also provided me comfort my arms. My arms tell the story of the hardship that many of my fellow Negroes had to endure at the hands of the white man. The life of servitude that I been born in was no dream of mine. Neither do I which the same for my children who've been also sold off before they reached the age of thirteen. The plight we endure each day can only be compared to the one endured several centuries ago of the Jews. I know Jesus understands what my people and I am going through. I pray to God and ask him for the same type of wisdom afforded to his children. Men are naturally given all the rights, but they abuse it to make our life a living hell. It goes beyond my comprehension to know that this union of ours which only survives under the care of God. In the Bible, it states, ?Treat one another as you would like to be treated?. We are all children of God and therefore have to abide by his rules. It says that we need to have compassion for the weak and to give charity to those in need. So why do these men who run this country and claim to be God's people withhold our rights. Men answer these questions with ? Jesus was a woman?. But my reply to that is then who gave birth to Jesus? Mary, a woman that labored through excruciating pain to give birth to our savior. Whom did he die for? All of us, and not just for the men. Eve is said to have caused the God's children to be doomed to death, because she was tricked Adam to eating the forbidden fruit. If a women was a powerful enough to do that then why are they not letting us prove that we can fix the world. It has been said that nothing is more cared for than for something that was touched by women. When we protest for our rights they better listen or we'll make them listen!

Education Related Essay Topics

Education Related Essay TopicsIn an educational setting, the most important part of learning is an education-related essay. However, teachers are often unsure what essay topics they should write and why. This article will help you determine your education related essay topics, as well as give you tips on how to get started.Education related essay topics should be based on a book, newspaper, television show, or movie. Because there are no standardized essays at school, it is best to start with a known topic, such as a book. Even if you do not understand all of the characters and the story, this type of essay can be extremely helpful. On the other hand, if you have no interest in reading a book, or if you cannot locate a book for free online, you can always choose to write about other types of media.While writing your education related essay topics, you will need to be specific about how you are going to present your ideas. You will want to use a theme for the essay, which is a way to classify each essay as a separate one. This will make it easier to identify the different areas of the essay, such as explaining the difference between the history of a particular topic, or just discussing the most common topic.When writing about the history of a topic, it is important to keep in mind the meaning behind a topic. For example, if you were writing an essay about the history of food, you would not want to simply state that we have invented or learned about different foods. Instead, you would want to include statements about the effect that these foods have had on our daily lives, such as by influencing people's tastes.For education-related essay topics, it is also important to keep in mind the differences between the humanities and the sciences. Since your audience may not have an idea about these terms, it will be important to educate them before you proceed. Instead of simply saying that humans and vegetables were the first foods to be discovered, you can explain the similarities and differences between the two. Similarly, you should provide a bit of information about how people, and specifically, students can learn more about the different kinds of foods, plants, and animals, so that they will know how important each can be to the human body.Additionally, when writing about education related essay topics, you should consider the effects that society has had on a person, and their ability to improve their education level. A prime example of this is that of Johnny, who did not learn English until he was 15 years old. While he was able to learn English, he still struggled to communicate with others. This shows how society can affect an individual's education, especially if they are unable to adapt to the different influences of society.Finally, when writing about education related essay topics, you should also consider what it takes to succeed in school. If you think about it, it will take more than just learning a couple new words to succeed. You will need to work hard, stay organized, and work on completing tasks that you are assigned by your school.When writing education related essay topics, you need to consider your audience. They should be someone who is close to you, and they should be someone who is completely in agreement with you. You should be able to connect with your audience, and help them learn more about themselves through the process of an education-related essay.

Evolution of Technology in the United States from 1860 1870 Essay Example

Evolution of Technology in the United States from 1860 1870 Essay Example Evolution of Technology in the United States from 1860 1870 Essay Evolution of Technology in the United States from 1860 1870 Essay A number of notable technological innovations have taken place between the years 1860-1870 in the United States. In the sphere of communications, a major development was the completion of the first transcontinental telegraph line across North America by Western Union in 1861 (Western Union 2009). Moreover, in 1866, after several failed attempts, the Transatlantic Cable was laid that connected Europe and North America. Before this landmark event, the fastest communication between the two continents had taken at least a week; after the cable was laid, messages could be transmitted instantaneously. The first message was, famously, that â€Å"a treaty of peace has been signed between Austria and Prussia† (History Magazine n/d, â€Å"Third Time Lucky†, para. 3). As concerns other inventions in the sphere of telegraphy, the stock ticker machine was invented in 1867 by Edward Callahan that made stock prices immediately available over the telegraph (National Public Radio, 2006). Important developments took place in the chemical industry, as various forms of plastic were experimented with. For example, John Wesley Hyatt invented celluloid as a substitute for the ivory in billiard balls in 1868 (Muccio 1991). Telephone was invented in the decade to follow. Oil industry was consolidating quickly, as the demand for petroleum was growing continuously. John Rockefeller was buying oil refineries, oilfields and pipelines. By the end of the decade, he has controlled 90 per cent of the industry. His company, Standard Oil, was a pioneer in many respects, most notably in logistics and organizational design, in modern terminology. Predecessors of Standard Oil used railroad tank cars to transport oil over large distances, which was time consuming and costly; Rockefeller’s company connected Pennsylvanian oilfields with refineries in New Jersey, Cleveland, Philadelphia and Baltimore by pipelines. In term of organizational design, corporations had a limited ability to do business across the state lines in those times, so Standard Oil decided to use a central trust that owned and coordinated subsidiary companies that were legally independent. This development (and resulting monopolization of other industries) led the U. S. to pass the first antitrust legislation a decade later (Cowan 1997). However, it is necessary to acknowledge that many scientific breaktroughs of the decade were made by European scientists and inventors, such as speed of light measurement, laws of genetics, automobile, and dynamite. Since the first half of the decade was marked by the Civil War, advances in infrastructure and improvements in general living conditions decelerated. Yet a crucial event in the history of American transportation occurred in 1869 when the Transcontinental Railroad was formed by joining of the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific Railroads (Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco n/d). All of the aforementioned technological developments were accompanied by dramatic changes in the social structure of the society. The period after the Civil War was marked by rapidly increasing urbanization. However, sewage facilities and housing conditions at those times were inadequate as cities struggled to cope with growing populations. Therefore, epidemics of diseases (such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid fever) were common. Yet important advances in sewage technologies were made. As the University of Colorado at Boulder (2009) informs, â€Å"sewered population [in the United States] increased from 1 million in 1860 to 25 million by 1900† (p. 1). Moreover, pit privies and open ditches were being replaced by buried sewers. However, wastewater was mostly diluted into rivers and other bodies of water; the first important breakthroughs in waste water management occurred at the very end of the 19th century. Overall, the decade of 1860-1870 can be described as a turbulent one. Although major inventions and discoveries were made in the Old World, the U. S. continued to develop, industrialize, and urbanize. Cowan, Ruth Schwartz. A Social History of American Technology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. Print. History Magazine. â€Å"The Transatlantic Cable. † N/d. Web. May 8, 2010. Muccio, Edward A. Plastic Part Technology. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 1991. Print. National Public Radio. â€Å"The Stock Ticker Turns 139. † November 15, 2006. Web. May 8, 2010. The University of Colorado at Boulder. â€Å"History of Wastewater Treatment in the U. S. † Spring 2009. Web. May 8, 2010. Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco. â€Å"Driving the Last Spike. † N/d. Web. May 8, 2010. Western Union. â€Å"History. † 2009. Web. May 8, 2010.