Company's Local Area Network Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Company's Local Area Network - Essay Example But it is good to know that a simple cleaning of one's computer can go a long way. But that's not always the case. A company's network's speed related problems are caused by a lot of factors. It is also very important to consider the hardware or the topology of the network: efficiency of use, expandability and medium used. The topology, or the way in which the stations attached to the network are interconnected (Stallings, 2007). The choice of topology of the company is crucial when starting the network. But in this case, the one troubleshooting should work around the pre existing topology and try to improve it. Cable could be re-routed to make the network simpler by using shorter paths from production control to manufacturing. In even more severe situations, a hardware overhaul is necessary. The processing capability of the controllers may be slower than what is required for the desirable production. The cable may not be able to handle the desirable data rates (Tomasi, 2004). Sensors and motors may not be able to respond as fast as they should. IBM United States (2009). Adjust LAN lines for optimum communications performance. iSeries Information Center, Version 5 Release 3.

Emerging Infectious Diseases Essay Example for Free

Emerging Infectious Diseases Essay Emerging infectious diseases are diseases that are new or changing, and are increasing, or have the potential to increase in incidence in the near future. (Pearson, Microbiology) Some important contributing factors to the development of EIDs are evolutionary changes in existing organisms, the movement of previously identified diseases to new geographic locations and populations by modern transportation, and increased human exposure to previously undocumented, uncommon infectious agents in areas of ecological growth or change. This includes previously uninhabited areas that may be undergoing deforestation or construction. EIDs also emerge as a result of resistance, and in recent years, an unusually high incidence of EIDs has drawn the attention of the global population in reaction to unsatisfactory health care facilities and geographic locations with tendency toward breakdown of public sanitation measures. (Pearson, Microbiology) Avian Influenza A (H1N1), or bird flu, became a subject of global attention in 2003 when it caused he death of millions of poultry and 24 humans in eight countries in central and south Asia. Avian Influenza A is transmitted by birds around the world, however, certain wild birds, particularly waterfowl, do not get sick but instead carry the virus in their intestines and release it through their excretions. Most frequently, wild birds spread influenza to domesticated birds and poultry farms, where the virus causes death. Most avian influenza viruses actually do not naturally cause disease in humans. However, some Influenza strains, like Avian Influenza A, are zoonotic, meaning that they can infect humans and cause disease possibly resulting in death. World Health Organization) The NS1 protein of the influenza virus is the most critical virulence factor that allows it to antagonize the host’s antiviral response. In doing this it employs several mechanisms, including the binding and sequestration of double-stranded RNA. The structure of full-length NS1 protein has now been identified using samples from a virulent H5N1 avian influenza virus strain. â€Å"The molecules RNA binding domain displays noticeable differences when it is compared to that of the non-H5N1 strains, whereas the effector domain is significantly altered. The two domains interact in such a way as to form tubules that may act to sequester dsRNA, allowing the virus to evade the hosts innate immune response. † (International Weekly Journal of Science) The following groups od individuals are at an increased risk for contraction Avian Influenza A: Farmers and others factory farm workers who handle poultry, Travelers who may be visiting visiting affected countries during an outbreak, Those who touch an infected bird, or Those who consume raw or undercooked poultry products from birds infected with the disease. Health care workers may also be at an increased risk of contracting the bird flu from an infected patient. (NYT Heath Guide) The avian flu virus (H5N1) has been proven to survive in the environment without the help of a human or animal host for long periods of time. Infection is possible simply by touching contaminated surfaces. Birds who were infected with Avian Influenza A can continue to foster the virus and release it in their excretions for as long as 10 days, and are still a risk after death. NYT Health Guide) Infection with the H5N1 virus in humans causes flu-like symptoms that often progress quickly to more adverse complications such as Acute Respiratory Distress, Organ failure, pneumonia, sepsis or death. The initial onset of symptoms may include cough, diarrhea, difficulty breathing, unusually high fever, headache; muscle aches, a runny nose or a sore throat. NYT Health Guide) Tests to verify Avian Influenza in an individual exist, but are currently not widely available to the public. If you are unable to receive a preliminary test which yields results in four hours, your physician may also conduct the following tests: Auscultation, to detect abnormal breathing and lung function, a chest x-ray, a nasopharyngeal culture and blood work, all to determine the presence of the virus in an individual based on their bodily immune functions. (World Health Organization) Many strains of the influenza virus have become resistant to the effects of the antiviral drugs that were previously being used to treat them. Health officials are now recommending the use of Oseltamivir, known as Tamiflu and possibly Zanamivir, known as Relenza as the newest, most helpful pharmaceutical treatment options. (Mayo Clinic) These drugs must be taken within forty-eight hours after the appearance of symptoms in order to be effective, but this may prove as a roblem in the vent of a global outbreak. Because of the short supply, its not entirely clear how Influenza drugs would be distributed and administered if there were an epidemic of global proportions. In terms of prevention, physicians recommend that all healthy patients receive an influenza shot (commonly called a â€Å"flu shot†) to reduce the likelihood of an existing avian flu virus mixing with a human flu virus, which would create a new virus that may easily spread and cause an epidemic. The U. S.  Food and Drug Administration has approved a vaccine to protect humans from the avian flu, and experts say that the vaccine could be used if the current H5N1 virus began spreading between humans. (NYT Health Guide) Human infections with Avian Influenza viruses detected since 1997 have not yet resulted in sustained human- to-human transmission. However, because Influenza Viruses have the potential to mutate and gain the ability to spread easily between people, monitoring for inter-human transmission is extremely important.

Symbols and Symbolism in A Raisin in the Sun †Dream Symbolism :: Raisin Sun essays

A Raisin in the Sun – Dream Symbolism A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry, portrays the life of a black family living in a bad section of Chicago. There are many problems in this family, but mostly it revolves around the character of Mama and how she longs to give her family a better life through the money she receives when her husband dies. Also, the family deals with the racism in Chicago in the 1950's complicating the realization of Mama's dreams for the family as well as other family conflicts that come up when money is entered into the equation. A Raisin in the Sun is basically about dreams, as the main characters struggle to deal with the oppressive circumstances that rule their lives. The Youngers struggle to attain these dreams throughout the play, and much of their happiness and depression is directly related to their attainment of, or failure to attain, these dreams. By the end of the play, they learn that the dream of a house is the most important dream because it unites the family. "Oh--So now it's life. Money is life. Once upon a time freedom used to be life--now it's money. I guess the world really do change." Mama is Walter and Beneatha's sensitive and loving mother and the head of the Younger household. She demands that members of her family respect themselves and take pride in their dreams. Mama demands that the apartment in which they all live always be neat and clean. She stands up for her beliefs and provides perspective from an older generation. She believes in striving to succeed while maintaining her moral boundaries. Money is only a means to an end for Mama; dreams are more important to her than material things, and her dream is to own a house with a garden and yard where Travis can play. The following quotation occurs in Act I, scene ii when Mama asks Walter why he always talks about money. Walter then replies "money is life," explaining to her that that he believes that success is all about how much money you have. This conversation ta kes place early in the play and reveals Mama's and Walter's money struggles, and it goes to show the difference in their generations.

Date Rape :: essays research papers

The following morning is a dreadful, long one that stays with you forever. The memories in your mind keep crawling up every night when you fall asleep. You keep asking yourself, â€Å"Why did it happen to me? What did I do wrong?† Yet no answer comes to mind, all that you can think of is being violated, being misled for a simple task-rape. Why does it happen to us? What do the men see when the door is opened and a gorgeous women stands in front of their eyes. The mind collapses trying to find a solution to the problem. It's like having an exam and the only way for you to score is to cheat. So all girls are just scores guys try to push themselves upon? The mind grows blank and the human body works with sexual instinct. Date rape is one of those things that one man can't find a proper answer for. There are so many possibilities that one might think of as the cause of the problem. Which one is the right one? Is there one specific answer that is physiologically correct? No. Everyo ne has his or her own opinion, whether it is from experience or from common knowledge. Date rape is mainly cased by the in-proper behavior of the rapist. A man who can rape a woman has obviously been brought up in an uncomfortable, improper raised environment. A young boy who watches violent sex related movies, is most likely to be sexually violent in his life. A child who is not taught from right and wrong is not going to understand what a girl might want out of a date compared to his urges. Men don't necessarily understand that "No" actually means no. Stubbornness works strongly with the mind. A young boy looks up to his father, he wants to be like his father, and act like his father. When the parents ignore their children it causes them to become very free in their decisions; it makes them believe that they can do whatever they please. For example, if a child is being ignored by both o his parents, than they are not around that child when he or she do something wrong. Yet the child doesn’t know that. The child thinks that if no one stops his or her actions than he can do it again. That is how bullies are raised-it leads the mind to more. Date Rape :: essays research papers The following morning is a dreadful, long one that stays with you forever. The memories in your mind keep crawling up every night when you fall asleep. You keep asking yourself, â€Å"Why did it happen to me? What did I do wrong?† Yet no answer comes to mind, all that you can think of is being violated, being misled for a simple task-rape. Why does it happen to us? What do the men see when the door is opened and a gorgeous women stands in front of their eyes. The mind collapses trying to find a solution to the problem. It's like having an exam and the only way for you to score is to cheat. So all girls are just scores guys try to push themselves upon? The mind grows blank and the human body works with sexual instinct. Date rape is one of those things that one man can't find a proper answer for. There are so many possibilities that one might think of as the cause of the problem. Which one is the right one? Is there one specific answer that is physiologically correct? No. Everyo ne has his or her own opinion, whether it is from experience or from common knowledge. Date rape is mainly cased by the in-proper behavior of the rapist. A man who can rape a woman has obviously been brought up in an uncomfortable, improper raised environment. A young boy who watches violent sex related movies, is most likely to be sexually violent in his life. A child who is not taught from right and wrong is not going to understand what a girl might want out of a date compared to his urges. Men don't necessarily understand that "No" actually means no. Stubbornness works strongly with the mind. A young boy looks up to his father, he wants to be like his father, and act like his father. When the parents ignore their children it causes them to become very free in their decisions; it makes them believe that they can do whatever they please. For example, if a child is being ignored by both o his parents, than they are not around that child when he or she do something wrong. Yet the child doesn’t know that. The child thinks that if no one stops his or her actions than he can do it again. That is how bullies are raised-it leads the mind to more.

Is the Emphasis on a Color-Blind Society an Answer to Racism

Racism is a word that sparks a nerve in many individuals today. As hard as it is to believe, racism is still a big factor in what we as a society know as a unified America. Although, it is not as obvious as it was in the past, it still goes on, just in ways that are less noticeable. We ask the question, is the emphasis on a color-blind society an answer to racism. Ward Connerly claims it is a way to stop the segregation and make America a whole as it has been striving to be for the longest. Eduardo Bonilla-Silva believes color-blind racism is the new racial ideology and still brings about racial inequality. As the solution to the question progresses, we ask ourselves, will a color-blind society change the way whites view blacks and minorities? Will it change the discrimination that is brought about everyday from individualistic opinions? Those that say they are not biased against other races are the main ones that are judgmental to how certain ethnicities act. Regardless of a color-blind society, there is still going to be racial inequality. Color-blind racism is basically racism that acts as if color doesn’t matter, when in actuality, it really does. Whites believe that if they use color-blind racism, they aren’t racist. They bypass the word â€Å"black† and use other words to substitute it for. They bypass the word â€Å"race† and instead use words such as â€Å"ethnicity,† â€Å"culture† or â€Å"background† to make their statements not sound so harsh. Despite the fact that they believe they may not sound prejudiced at the time that does not stop them from thinking it. As Eduardo Bonilla-Silva believes, color-blind racism may not be as crude as the Jim Crow era, but it resembles it in a more minor way. For example, whites will vote for a black man for President of the United States, but they still look down on the black society, most likely hoping that the â€Å"black President† will help those stereotypes. Ward Connerly attended the American River Junior College and earned a Bachelor of Arts Degree in political science with honors at Sacramento State College. He is the founder of the American Civil Rights Institute and an outspoken supporter of equal opportunities for all Americans. He expressed his views on racism by discussing an encounter he had with a woman. While explaining his desire to succeed at having a color-blind government, the woman commented by replying what he was doing was going to be best for his people. Although, she may not have realized her remark offended him, situations similar to that occur all the time especially with blacks and minorities. Persons may do it without the intention to insult, but that just proves that everyone is viewed more so by color than by characteristics and personality. Many minorities will always be judged by their color because whites believe that they will never have higher power. Even though Ward Connerly went through rough obstacles growing up involving race, rather than focusing on the bad experiences he had, he claimed that if you â€Å"take people at face value and give them an opportunity, race is irrelevant. † He supports the emphasis on a color-blind society so people won’t use discrimination based on the color of one’s skin. He used examples such as classifications and how there was no need to classify people by race. After the Civil War, with having separation for bathrooms, poll taxes and water fountains, distinguishing differences between people should have been stopped. He decided to place the Racial Privacy Initiative in California, to prevent governments from categorizing individuals by race, color, ethnicity and origin. That may help to some degree, but there’s still going to be physical appearances by all people and no one is going to worry about classifications, because whites are still going to have their assumptions about blacks, even if they don’t completely say so. Eduardo Bonilla-Silva received his Ph. D. from the University of Wisconsin. He has authored two books called White Supremacy and Racism in the Post-Civil Rights Era and Racism without Racists. He currently teaches sociology at Duke University focusing on race relations. Professor Bonilla-Silva proved his points with adequate examples shown in daily life. He uses the theory that blacks and most minorities are â€Å"at the bottom of the well. † He brought up that steering highly successful and educated blacks towards the poor, less paying jobs in the worst conditions are ways to keep minorities away from the upscale white society. According to Bonilla-Silva, the U. S. has scarcely moved beyond the era of segregation. He argues that all whites today rely more on cultural rather than biological analogies to explain blacks’ position in this country. I concur with his support because he has more supporting evidence than Connerly. Based on his interpretations, I’ve come to the conclusion that whites do come up with explanations to prove that they are so-called non-racial but as Bonilla-Silva said, â€Å"regardless of whites’ sincere fictions, racial consideration shade almost everything in America and black and dark skinned minorities lag behind in every area of social life. † An emphasis on a color-blind society is not the answer to racism. It’s just an excuse for whites to say that racism is not part of everyday life; that it simply just doesn’t exist. Ward Connerly had good claims, but his evidence did not support his conclusion enough to make me feel this topic would change the state of race in the U. S. Him describing his encounter made me feel that racism was never going to cease or for that matter, get better. Eduardo Bonilla-Silva brought out great support. By reviewing his examples and opinions, it is true that color-blindness is a front. Most whites will always have animosity towards those that don’t â€Å"resemble them. † Both authors did focus on the matter of race and how it is seen in the country. Race is seen differently throughout all individuals. Some find it just a word that has no meaning and is only involved with the past, but others find it an exaggeration of the word hatred. A word that brings out the worst in people’s personalities. Regardless of how much emphasis is even involved in having a color-blind society, racism still and always will exist.

Simple Random Sampling vs. Systematic Random Sampling

Simple Random Sampling vs. Systematic Random Sampling When we form a statistical sample we always need to be careful in what we are doing. There are many different kinds of sampling techniques that can be used.  Some of these are more appropriate than others. Often what we think would be one kind of sample turns out to be another type. This can be seen when comparing two types of random samples. A simple random sample and a systematic random sample are two different types of sampling techniques. However, the difference between these types of samples is subtle and easy to overlook.  We will compare systematic random samples with simple random samples. Systematic Random vs. Simple Random To begin with, we will look at the definitions of the two types of samples that we are interested in.  Both of these types of samples are random and suppose that everyone in the population is equally likely to be a member of the sample. But, as we will see, not all random samples are the same. The difference between these types of samples has to do with the other part of the definition of a simple random sample. To be a simple random sample of size n, every group of size n must be equally likely of being formed. A systematic random sample relies on some sort of ordering to choose sample members. While the first individual may be chosen by a random method, subsequent members are chosen by means of a predetermined process. The system that we use is not considered to be random, and so some samples that would be formed as a simple random sample cannot be formed as a systematic random sample. An Example Using a Movie Theater To see why this is not the case, we will look at an example. We will pretend that there is a movie theater with 1000 seats, all of which are filled. There are 500 rows with 20 seats in each row. The population here is the entire group of 1000 people at the movie. We will compare a simple random sample of ten moviegoers with a systematic random sample of the same size. A simple random sample can be formed by using a table of random digits. After numbering the seats 000, 001, 002, through 999, we randomly choose a portion of a table of random digits. The first ten distinct three digit blocks that we read in the table are the seats of the people who will form our sample.For a systematic random sample, we can begin by choosing a seat in the theater at random (perhaps this is done by generating a single random number from 000 to 999). Following this random selection, we choose this seat’s occupant as the first member of our sample. The remaining members of the sample are from the seats that are in the nine rows directly behind the first seat (if we run out of rows since our initial seat was in the back of the theater, we start over in the front of the theater and choose seats that line up with our initial seat). For both types of samples, everyone in the theater is equally likely to be chosen. Although we obtain a set of 10 randomly chosen people in both cases, the sampling methods are different. For a simple random sample, it is possible to have a sample that contains two people who are sitting next to each other. However, by the way that we have constructed our systematic random sample, it is impossible not only to have seat neighbors in the same sample but even to have a sample containing two people from the same row. What’s the Difference? The difference between simple random samples and systematic random samples may seem to be slight, but we need to be careful. In order to correctly use many results in statistics, we need to suppose that the processes used to obtain our data were random and independent. When we use a systematic sample, even if randomness is utilized, we no longer have independence.

Classical Economics - Ideas Regarding International Trade essays

Classical Economics - Ideas Regarding International Trade essays Adam Smith and the Classical Economists blasted merchants who lobbied for, and governments that surrendered to, demands for protection from foreign producers. They believed that international trade was an efficient mechanism for allocating resources and for increasing national welfare, regardless of the level of a country's economic development. Also, that any impediments to trade would detract from the gains from trade and therefore harm a country's economy. Adam Smith proved this by developing the theory of absolute advantage. In his greatest work, The Wealth of Nations, Smith uses the example of trade between England and France to show how absolute advantage works and how it benefits both countries in the process. He states that "England would gain from trade if it could buy a good from another country for less than the cost of producing that good in England." Smith proposes that the English might not like the French but if a bottle of French white wine costs one pound and a n English counterpart costs two pounds then England is foolish to produce wine. What he is trying to illustrate to the people is that since France has the absolute advantage in wine, England should buy wine from them because it is cheaper. It also works the other way because if England has an absolute advantage over France in something then the French should buy that product from England. His main point of the theory of absolute advantage is that nations should import only those products in which another country has an absolute advantage. Adam Smith and all Classical Economists opposed any kind of restrictions on international trade. They strongly believed that international trade effectively increased the size of the market for any given country, allowed for more refined specialization, created an international division of labor, and thereby benefited all countries by increasing the world's productivity and output. ...

An Introduction To Marketing In Leisure

An Introduction To Marketing In Leisure The aim of this assignment is to understand the terms 'marketing' and 'selling' and their role within a large organisations, to find the difference between product and customer orientated approaches and to define the differences and similarities between products and services.Definitions of marketing and sellingMarketing;-The Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM) provides the first definition:Â · The management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably.The American Marketing Association (AMA) provides my second definition:Â · Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create, exchange and satisfy individual and organisational objectives (Bennett, 1995).Both of this definitions are firstly similar in one way, which is that they both start by identifying that marketing is a process nit just a one-off action. The CIM's definition refers to the management process, which includes the identification and anticipation of what customers require, which suggests that market research has to take place first.soldMarket research is a exercise used to gather information on customers to establish a potential market segment for a product and information on current trends and competitors in order to understand the market already established. The AMA's hasn't started by including the role of market research, but has immediately focussed upon how marketing is used to place a product in front of customers. This highlights one main difference between the two definitions, which is that the CIM explains the role of marketing within a customer-orientated organisations, where as the AMA focuses on a product-orientated organisation. An explanation of both of these types of organisations is discussed later. Both definitions do however agree on one point, which is that marketing is also used to the benefit of the organisation. The CIM highlig ht...

Executive summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Executive summary - Essay Example However, he did not provide concrete assurance of the accounting tactic. This puts the financial position of pension companies at stake. In addition, this is controversial since the move could undermine governments efforts to support, by placing against something solid or rigid, the pension system. As a result, workers worry on the strain the tactic will put on other government agencies designed to protect the retirement of workers. The policy make companies pile up pension bills. In the end, companies struggle to keep up with the mounting bills. It therefore, becomes hard for them to compensate their clients ending up losing customer trust. They become insolvent and unable to meet their obligations to retirees down the road (Monga, 2). Decline in interest rates increases the present value of the deferred pensions. This increases corporate pension deficit since the monetary value of money decreases with time. This is clearly confirmed by Millan who asserts that the largest pensions in U.S have accrued up to $252 billion funding deficiency, which has shot up by $66 billion within a period of one year. Furthermore, Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation encounters significant financial challenges. It is funded by premiums paid by pension plans that depend on how many beneficiaries are in a plan. However, those premiums are not enough to cover the costs. When the trust funds are finished, the most likely solution will be a transfer from general revenues, meaning that taxpayers will incur the bill (Monga, 2). Financial management and accountancy for a company is fundamental. With the implementation of the policy, corporations are compelled to channel their cash to activities they had not planned for. For instance, International Paper Company had set aside $ 1 billion to fund its $12.5 billion plan. With this policy, the money had to be put to other investments and projects not

Personal narrative about social media impacted your life Essay

Personal narrative about social media impacted your life - Essay Example One of the aspects it brought is reconnection to my old friends whom we studied together in my school. I had a classmate who moved with the family to Europe to live had no idea on how to communicate with her. I used face book to search using he full names she used, I found several users who used such names but I could identify her through her profile picture. She was my best buddy and the social media brought us together once more. We had a lot to share about her school and our families. Face book is one of the powerful social media that connect people who have a common origin and interest. With the help of my profile information, the users can view my profile and send friend request. Finding friends was the climax of the fun in the social site, face book brought the aspect of mutual friends which involves getting to know my friend’s friends adding new people to my friends’ list. I loved the idea of knowing more people each time I accessed face book. I left school at an era where social media had just become "the new thing in town" back then. During those times, Smartphone were technologies used in movies and phones when internet access had just been introduced to the market. Among other social sites I chose face book as one the powerful tool of communication globally. It was through Face book that I was able to interact with new friends from the mutual friends. The new friends might have mutual friends that would connect me to many other friends making it a chain of friends. Finding new friends among friends was not the only way, I could visit the face book groups that I knew and from there I could meet the entire society that the group belonged. Sometimes I could get disappointed using face book since some friends provided false information about them. Trying to find my old or new friends was not also easy since I realized that some people are just imposters which brought a negative view about face book. Relationships with people

Evaluate to what extent we are witnessing a decollectivisation of Essay

Evaluate to what extent we are witnessing a decollectivisation of British Employee Relations - Essay Example the exercise of a person’s desires and goals and so he will tend to value self reliance and independence and at that time resist a lot of the interference from outside exerted upon the interests of a person whether by the family, society or other institution or group. Individualization focuses on the individual making him its focus and therefore begins with the basic premise that a human person is holds primary importance in the liberation struggle. It has at times been applied to mean the quality of being an individual. Individualism is therefore associated with bohemian and artistic interests and lifestyles in which there is experimentation and self creation as opposed to popular mass opinions, tradition and behaviors as with humanist ethics and philosophical positions (Brown & Marsden 2010, pp. 2) Human resource management (HRM) involves planning, managing recruitment, implementing, training, career and initiatives of development in an organization. Human Resource Management aims at maximizing an organization’s productivity through the optimization of employee effectiveness while at the same time improving the life of employees at work and treating the employees with dignity as resources that are valuable. Human Resource Management incorporates efforts aimed at the promotion of personal development, the satisfaction of employees and compliance with laws related to employees. As a result it brings gain to both the company and the employee. The employer benefits from better work performance while the employee gets satisfaction at the work place among other things.The Human Resource Management shift is important to the management of a business. When the shift happened in business dynamics companies realized that the knowledge that people have and the people themselves pro vide the single source for competitive advantage that is sustainable (Brown & Marsden 2010, pp. 3). The reason for this is that other resources that are related to technology, materials,

Denial Of Service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Denial Of Service - Essay Example Denial of service attacks is common in businesses and organizational websites. Perpetrators of these attacks target services or sites that are hosted by high profile servers. These include credit card payment systems, banks and root name servers. The article on denial of service attacks that will be used is Dave Neal’s â€Å"Denial of Service Attacks Exploits White House Press Machine†. This article was published in The Inquirer on November 12, 2014. According to this article, attackers used the White House press release machine as a way of gaining network trust. The White House made this discovery when it updated its internet report with a caution that attackers are exploiting the facility’s press release machine. These attackers are using content emanating from the White House to gain network trust. They are using DNS reflection attacks to exploit the press machine. Attackers who target the network at the White House are designing large DNS text records in order to increase amplification, and magnify their attacks. These attackers create their own text records to amplify the responses as required (Neal, 2014). This helps them to direct traffic to targeted sites. The targeted traffic, which is amplified overwhelms the targeted site and makes it unable to respond to requests. In this case, the attacks saturate the target network or machine with amplified external communication requests. These requests come in large number s in order to prevent the machine from responding to legitimate traffic. They also cause the network or machine to respond slowly to legitimate traffic. Denial of service attacks eventually lead to server overload. This technique is effective because the text records have the ability to achieve the largest possible response. The attacks that were observed lasted for 5 hours and created a bandwidth load that peaked at 4.3Gbps (Neal, 2014). The text record technique has been extensively used to target entertainment

Reproductive Rights (M3C) Ethics in Health Care Essay

Reproductive Rights (M3C) Ethics in Health Care - Essay Example The techniques of assisted reproduction are on the peak now and many couples opt for this method of conception. But many questions have been raised on this technique that whether it is ethically justified or not. It is argued by liberals that it is an option that lays on the shoulders of the parents and since everyone has the right to choose for their life, this technique is justified. On the other hand, there are arguments against this technique which argue that the children who are brought into this world are done so without their consent and they have a higher risk of acquiring diseases and neurological issues. Thus a question arises that is a doctor correct when carrying out this technique of assisted reproduction. Researches have served to prove the fact that invitroferilization (IVF) techniques carry with them many harms and pose many threats for the newborn infant. It is seen that these children who are born with the assistive reproductive techniques have a higher risks of hav ing neurological pathologies and thus life hampering conditions. It is argued that the health of the children is above all such techniques and hence it should be prohibited and not carried out by doctors until and unless much research is done in this field and it is proved to be free of side effects.

Denial Of Service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Denial Of Service - Essay Example Denial of service attacks is common in businesses and organizational websites. Perpetrators of these attacks target services or sites that are hosted by high profile servers. These include credit card payment systems, banks and root name servers. The article on denial of service attacks that will be used is Dave Neal’s â€Å"Denial of Service Attacks Exploits White House Press Machine†. This article was published in The Inquirer on November 12, 2014. According to this article, attackers used the White House press release machine as a way of gaining network trust. The White House made this discovery when it updated its internet report with a caution that attackers are exploiting the facility’s press release machine. These attackers are using content emanating from the White House to gain network trust. They are using DNS reflection attacks to exploit the press machine. Attackers who target the network at the White House are designing large DNS text records in order to increase amplification, and magnify their attacks. These attackers create their own text records to amplify the responses as required (Neal, 2014). This helps them to direct traffic to targeted sites. The targeted traffic, which is amplified overwhelms the targeted site and makes it unable to respond to requests. In this case, the attacks saturate the target network or machine with amplified external communication requests. These requests come in large number s in order to prevent the machine from responding to legitimate traffic. They also cause the network or machine to respond slowly to legitimate traffic. Denial of service attacks eventually lead to server overload. This technique is effective because the text records have the ability to achieve the largest possible response. The attacks that were observed lasted for 5 hours and created a bandwidth load that peaked at 4.3Gbps (Neal, 2014). The text record technique has been extensively used to target entertainment

Its a Flat World, After All by Thomas Friedman Essay

Its a Flat World, After All by Thomas Friedman - Essay Example Friedman discusses the different flatteners of the world which have created a level playing field for all countries. These flatteners include the collapse of the Berlin Wall, Netscape, Workflow software, uploading, outsourcing, offshoring, supply chaining, insourcing, informing, and steroids. In reviewing these flatteners, it is important to understand the context upon which the word flattened or flat is used. Friedman uses the term flat in terms of the level of competence which all countries have in terms of access to information and technology, including economic growth and development. Such information is used in various activities including business, governance, education, and sports. Based on Friedman’s arguments, he concludes that the world is flat because the access to information, technology, and the potential for economic growth is no longer the exclusive province of the developed states (Bijker, 1995). Instead, the economic, political, and social landscape has levele d out and this process has started unfolding ever since the fall of the Berlin Wall, becoming even more apparent starting in the year 2000 onwards. Undeniably, the use of technology and the spread and the access of information have become very much apparent in the current setting. The information represents an â€Å"assemblage of data† (Headrick, 2000, p. ... The information and technology are no longer exclusive or delayed in transmission. For a long, while geographical barriers between countries implied that different nations had different rates of growth; however, geographical barriers have become less of an issue through internet capability (Suchman, 2007). In relation to internet access therefore, Friedman provides strong support for the world being flat and less hierarchical. Since information is no longer exclusive to specific individuals or countries, the possibility of creating technology and innovations from such information is no longer also an exclusive right and privilege of specific countries (Wolf, 2008). This indicates that there are also innovators which can gain access to the same information from any part of the globe and then transform such information to innovations. For a long while, the US and other western nations were the global leaders in technology and innovation (Beniger, 1986). From such technology and innovat ions, they were able to make major advancements in labor-saving technology which increased productivity and made the work hours more efficient. With â€Å"falling communication costs and the broader spectrum of activities that can be coordinated through current forms of computer-mediated interaction,† more economic links were soon established (Kallinikos, 2010, p. 93). From such technology and innovations, the rest of the world looked to the west for dole-outs of these technologies. The adaptation of these technologies was carried out in order for the countries to keep up with western technologies.  

Social Biases Essay Example for Free

Social Biases Essay Dr. Deirdre Teaford Abstract People behave differently toward other culture and groups and discriminate in many forms of social bias. These biases can impact harshly an individuals career and social life. Discrimination, prejudice, and stereotypes can influence adversely an individuals quality of life. The concept is more prevalent in society that most people realize. This problem could be unfavorable to group cohesion, cooperation, and the success of society. Humans prefer to go with the flow of a crowd. When an idea is chosen by the masses (an entire nations or a small group), the individualized brain enters a kind of hive mind mentality. This causes social norms and behaviors to propagate among the individuals regardless of the evidence in support. This type of social bias is built with the desire to conform or fit in. Social biases have been a barrier humans have experienced from generation to generation. They take short cuts to make sense of the world. Humans have made rash decisions or discriminatory practices based on gender, race, ethnicity, religious affiliation, political preferences, and socioeconomic tatus. Humans have become fallible and has been subjected to their many flaws by making errors in Judgment, memory, and social attribution. Social psychologists have claimed these biases can be eliminated if the individuals have the motivation and capacity to change their attitude. According to Fiske (2010), Some people think bias is a thing of the past, and others think it is a real and present danger that targets diverse social groups (p. 28). Moreover, there are subtle and obvious misunderstandings among groups of individuals that affects the bias of people in heir lives, but strategies for change are possible (Fiske, 2010). In this analysis, the concept of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination will be defined. In the same aspect, the analysis will describe the differences between blatant and subtle bias while identifyi ng some common biases that may affect the lives of individuals and Stereotyping, and Discrimination Gender and ethnic stereotypes are inevitable. In the context of affirmative action, the inevitability has played an important practical implication. One arguments against affirmative action is that employers and educational administrators should be ender-blind and colorblind in their hiring and recruiting process (Stewart, Weeks, Lupfer, 2003). Individuals are often hurt by discriminatory and prejudicial behaviors and attitudes. The current laws cannot halt prejudicial or stereotyping attitudes, but they can address instances of discrimination. Discrimination, stereotyping, and prejudice are somewhat similar, but they are very different. Prejudice The operational definition involves reacting fervently to an individual on the basis of ones feelings about the group (Fiske, 2010). It is a belief that formulated without considering the facts. It is also an unwarranted or negative attitude toward a person based on his or her association of a social group. Stereotyping The operational definition entails an individuals cognitive associations and expectations about a group. These expectations will encompass the beliefs about the characteristics of a group (Fiske, 2010). Moreover, it is an indiscriminate belief about a class of people or particular group. Advantage: It allows the individual to respond hastily to certain situations because he or she may had a related experience. Disadvantage: It will make us ignore the differences between people. Discrimination The operational definition involves acting on the basis of ones prejudices and stereotypes, rebuffing equality of treatment that individuals wish to have (Fiske, 2010). Moreover, it is the negative behavior, or actions toward a group of people or individual on the basis of social/race/gender class. In this context, discrimination can be either blatant or subtle. Subtle and Blatant Bias In the last two decades, there is no doubt that women have made strides in the fight for equality. Many can recognize that women have overcome the many prejudices against their participation in the workforce (Earnshaw, 1993). In our society, blatant bias is being replaced by subtle bias to decrease the broad- mindedness for obviously biased behavior. Subtle bias is also acknowledged as modern prejudice. This does not mean that women do not get discriminated at work even though they have achieved equality of opportunity (Earnshaw, 1993). The first generation bias was more hostile towards women who needed to be in home with the children. On this second generation bias, for example, women may get more narrative praise than the male co-workers but low rating point related to Job performance (Earnshaw, 1993). Subtle Bias This particular modern bias is indirect and is manifested by withholding respect and sympathy. It is ambiguous and sometimes involves positive and hostile feelings that can cause extreme responses (Fiske, 2010). Blatant Bias This old-fashioned bias ensues as a result of threats to the struggle for positive group identity. They include segregation, physical attack, extermination, avoidance, opinion clearly in regard to a particular individual or group. Impact of Social Bias The lives of individuals can be influenced by social biases. Negative outcomes like neglect, hostile environment, or avoidance may be created by discrimination. When a biased individual interacts with an outgroup members, the expressed behavior of the individual will solicit negative and ill attitudes. Prejudice will influence the individuals lives with instances of ageism, sexism, and racism that will affect their career and social life. According to Vaish, Grossman, and Woodward (2008), When adults display a negative bias across an array of psychological situations, they will use the negative information instead of the positive one (p. 383). Moreover, the negativity bias may serves as an evolutionary adaptive purpose of helping individuals afely explore and examine the environment to avoid harmful situations (Vaish et. al. , 2008). Two Strategies to Overcome Social Biases There are several strategies to minimize social biases, such as affirmative action, and equal opportunity laws. The majority of these strategies involve constant intergroup contact. The key term for a biased individual is change. Old habits die hard but and individual can break those habits. According to Fiske (2010), Intergroup contact and mutual differentiation are two possible strategies to minimize the bias. Intergroup Contact These are interactions between members of different social groups. During the contact, there is equal status in the groups, there are common goals, and there is no competition but cooperation. They are not easy to meet, but they make complete sense (Fiske, 2010). Mutual Differentiation In this context, mutual differentiation is important for two reasons: (1) People retain awareness of individuals social identity in the contact situation, and (2) Individuals seem typical in the sense that they represent their own groups (Fiske, 2010). In Conclusion The motivation of change is the key to steer away from social biases. The bias will be the individuals preference toward a peculiar way of viewing or thinking omething. This behavior will be influenced by a certain prejudice.

RP-HPLC-UV Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Ceftriaxone

RP-HPLC-UV Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Ceftriaxone A Validated RP-HPLC-UV method for Simultaneous estimation of Ceftriaxone and Sulbactum in Rat Plasma ABSTRACT: A reverse phase-liquid chromatographic method with UV detection is developed for simultaneous estimation of ceftriaxone sodium and sulbactam sodium in rat plasma. Drugs were extracted from blank plasma by simple protein precipitation technique. Chromatographic separation of these two drugs was done on Phenomenex C18 column (250mm X 4.6mm, i.d, 5ÃŽ ¼m) by using mobile phase consisting of 10mM potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer (pH- 5) and acetonitrile (90:10 % v/v). The developed RP-HPLC method had the acceptable symmetrical peaks good resolution and drugs were eluted with good retention time. The developed bio-analytical method was Linear, precise, and accurate with the concentration range of 20-150 ÃŽ ¼g mL-1 for ceftriaxone and 10-75 ÃŽ ¼g mL-1 for sulbactam. From the developed method we can moniter ceftriaxone and sulbactam sodium concentrations in rat plasma. Keywords: Ceftriaxone sodium, Sulbactam sodium, Liquid chromatography, Rat plasma INTRODUCTION Ceftriaxone[1] (CFX) is a third generation cephalosporin. Chemically it is (6R,7R)-7-{2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-(Z)-2- [methoxyiminuteo-acetamido]-3{[(2,5-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-as-triazin-3-yl)thio]methyl}-8-oxo-5-thia-l-azobicyclo [4,2,0] oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid. Sulbactam (SBM) chemically (2S,5R)-3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1- azabicyclo[3.2.0] heptane -2-carboxylic acid 4,4-dioxide is used as a beta-lactamase inhibitor. Structural formulae of CFX and SBM are given in Fig.1. These drugs are frequently associated in pharmaceutical formulations against meningitis, typhoid, gonorrhoea and urinary tract infections [2]. Sulbactomax is a commercially available pharmaceutical product containing SBM and CFX. The product is available as a dry powder for injection. The product is supplied in different strengths (250 mg+125 mg, 500mg+250 mg, 1gm+0.5gm, 2gm+1gm) of CFX and SBM respectively. Fig.1.Chemical structure of CFX and SBM Sulbactomax is a synergistic antimicrobial mixture with clear in vitro antibacterial activity against a wide spectrum of organisms. SBM not only increases the antibacterial activity of CFX but also shows a moderate antibacterial activity by forming a protein complex with beta-lactamas by irreversibly blockin their destructive hydrolytic activity. Thus, SBM increases the spectrum of activity of CFX. This SBM also binds with some penicillin binding proteins, sensitive strains are often considered more susceptible to the Sulbactomax than CFX alone. In bacterial strains that produce either low amounts of beta lactamase, or none at all, a synergistic effect is witnessed when SBM is associated with CFX that has a complementary affinity for the target sites. Sulbactomax has good active against all the microorganisms which are sensitive/resistant to CFX. Further, it also demonstrates synergistic activity (decrease in minimum inhibitory concentrations for the combination versus those of each component) in a variety of organisms. So it has improved efficacy as compared to CFX alone, lesser side effects, wider spectrum coverage and better results of bacterial MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) makes this product unique in the world. A literature survey revealed a spectrophotometric [3], spectrofluorimetric in human plasma [4], HPLC for the estimation of marketed formulations [5,6], in human plasma [7] and for the determination of pharmacokinetics in dogs [8], capillary electrophoresis [9] and GC-MS [10] methods for the estimation of CFX and SBM individually and in combined forms. However, from the literature survey there was no method development reported for the simultaneous estimation of CFX and SBM by HPLC in rat plasma. The present communication describes an isocratic liquid chromatography (LC) method for simultaneous determination of CFX sodium and SBM, which can be used for the quality control of the formulation developed and other biological applications. Experimental Chemicals and Reagents All chemicals and reagents used were of analytical grade only. Milli-Q-water was used throughout the process and acetonitrile of HPLC grade were procured from Merck Chemical Laboratories, Bangalore, India. Commercial formulation, CetriaxS injection containing ceftriaxone sodium 1gm and sulbactam sodium 0.5 gm were obtained from the local market. Blank rat plasma was obtained from JSS Medical College and Hospital, Mysore, India. Instrumentation and Analytical Conditions A HPLC with the UV detector was used for this research work. Here the separation was done using Phenomenex C-18 column. The mobile phase was a mixture of phosphate Buffer (pH adjusted to 5 with potassium hydroxide) and acetonitrile (90:10) v/v. The mobile phase was filtered through 0.45 ÃŽ ¼ membrane filter before its use, degassed with a helium sparge for 15min at flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1. The column was maintained at room temperature 20 ±100C. The injection volume of samples was 10 ÃŽ ¼L. The analyte was monitored at wavelength of 230 nm and optimized chromatographic conditions are shown in Table-1. 2.3.Preparation of mobile phase: Phosphate buffer of pH 5 was prepared by dissolving 1.36 gm ofPotassiumdihydrogenorthophosphate in 1000 mL of water and it was sonicated for 5 minutes, then the pH was adjusted using potassium hydroxide solution. It was than filtered by vaccum filteration. Finally the mobile phase was prepared by mixing phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio 90:10v/v. 2.4.Preparation of standard and sample solution SeparatelyweighedquantityofCFXsodium(10mg)andSBMsodium (10mg)was transferred into a 100mL volumetricflaskandmadeupto100mLwithwatertoget100  µg mL-1 ofCFXsodiumand100  µg mL-1 ofSBM. From this, different solutions containing the mixture of CFXsodium(20-150  µg mL-1) and SBMsodium(10-75  µg mL-1) were prepared. For the preparation of sample solution, Cetriax-Spowder for injection(containing1gmof CFXand0.5gmof SBM)was transferred to a 100 mL volumetric flask. Distilled water was added, and then swirled to dissolve it, diluted to 100 mL with the same solvent. 2.5.Preparation of calibration curve: Five different concentrated solutions containing mixture of CFX (20-150  µg mL-1) and SBM (10-75  µg mL-1) were injected onto HPLC. A calibration curve was prepared taking concentrations on X-axis and Peak Area on Y-Axis. 2.6.Preparation of plasma samples: Plasma samples of CFX and SBM was prepared by the protein precipitation method. A blank was prepared by taking 0.1mL of rat plasma and to this 1.9 mL of acetonitrile was added and sample was prepared by taking 0.1 mL of combination of CFX and SBM (which were mixed in equal volumes) and 0.1 mL of rat plasma was added to the 2 mL Eppendorf tubes containing 1.8 mL of acetonitrile. These samples were centrifuged for 10 min at 10,000 rpm. The supernatant solution filtered through 0.45 µ syringe filter and transferred to HPLC vials. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Method Development Taking into consideration, the instability of CFX and SBM in strong alkaline and strong acidic condition, the pH value of the mobile phase should be limited within the range of 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 7, since mild acidic pH favours the retention and separation of two drugs on Cà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 18 column. After few trials, phosphate buffer with pH 5 was finalized. The method development started with the methanol and phosphate buffer as drugs did not elute in this mobile phase, so the organic phase was altered from methanol to acetonitrile. Both CFX and SBM in the mobile phase have no significant UV maximum, the wavelength of 230 nm was employed for the detection. After few trails Phenomenex C-18 column and binary mixture of phosphate buffer (pH 5) and acetonitrile (90:10 % v/v) was optimized as mobile phase which produced symmetric peak shape, good resolution and reasonable retention time for both the drugs (Table 1). The retention times of CFX and SBM for six repetitions were found to be 7.8  ± 0.02 min and 4.7  ± 0.006 respectively (Fig.2). (a) (b) Fig.2. LC chromatogram of rat blank plasma (a) plasma spiked with standard CFX and SBM(b) Table 1. Optimized chromatographic conditions Parameter Optimized condition Chromatograph HPLC with UV- detector Column C18 Column Mobile Phase Acetonitrile and pH-5 buffer in the ratio of 10:90(v/v) Flow rate 1.00 mL min-1 Detection 230nm Injection volume 10 ÃŽ ¼L Temperature column Room temperature 3.2.Method validation Validation is a process of establishing documented evidence, which offers a high degree of assurance that a specific activity will steadily yield anticipated result or product meeting its predetermined specifications and quality features [11]. The method was validated for different parameters like linearity, precision, recovery, accuracy, selectivity and sensitivity [12]. 3.2.1Selectivity Selectivity is defined as, the capability of an analytical method to distinguish and measure the analyte in the presence of other components in the sample [12]†. Selectivity is calculated by injecting extracted blank plasma and relating with the response of extracted LLOQ samples. Both the peaks of Ceftriaxone and Sulbactum did not interfere with any endogenous components. 3.2.2Sensitivity Sensitivity is measured using Lower Limit of Quantification (LLOQ). LLOQ is the lowest concentration of the standard curve that can be measured with acceptable accuracy and precision [12]†. The LLOQ was established using five samples independent of standards and determined the co-efficient of variation and appropriate confidence interval. 3.2.3.Linearity of Response To demonstrate the linearity of response, series of solutions ranging from (20-150  µg mL-1) of CFX and SBM of (10-75  µg mL-1) were prepared and injected onto the HPLC system following the described conditions. The graph was constructed between concentration vs. peak area and it was found that correlation co-efficient and regression analysis were within the limits and the results are summarized in the Table 2, and the calibration graphs are shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 for CFX and SBM respectively. Fig.3. Calibration graph of CFX Fig.4. Calibration graph of SBM Table 2. Linearity of CFX and SBM Parameters CFX SBM Retention time (min) 7.3 4.6 Linear range (ppm) [n=6] ( µg mL-1) 20-150 10-75 Correlation coefficient (r2) 0.996 0.997 Slope 1513.1 155.58 Intercept 272333 61596 Lowest limit of quatification LLOQ ( µg mL-1) 0.87 0.96 3.2.4.Recovery â€Å"The recovery of an analyte is the detector response achieved from an quantity of the analyte added to and extracted from the biological matrix, correlated to the detector response found for the true concentration of the pure authentic standard†[12]. â€Å"Recovery of the analyte is not necessary be 100%† [12]. This experiments were performed by comparing the analytical results for extracted samples at three different concentrations (low, medium, and high) with unextracted standards that represent 100% recovery. Results are summarised in Table 3. Table 3. Recovery studies of CFX sodium and SBM Concentration of CFX and sulbactam Amount recovered% for CFX Amount recovered% for SBM Low 98.7% 99.9% Medium 96.8% 98.9% High 99.3% 98.6% 3.2.5.Accuracy and Precision For validation of this bioanalytical method, precision and accuracy should be determined using minimum of five determinations per concentration level (excluding blank samples). The mean value should be within  ± 15% of the theoretical value, except at LLOQ, where it must not differ by more than  ± 20%. The accuracy and precision around the mean value should not be beyond 15% of the CV except for LLOQ, where it should not exceed by 20% of the CV. The accuracy of the analytical method defines the closeness of agreement between the test value and the reference value. The precision of the analytical method describes the closeness of frequent individual measures of analyte. Accuracy is expressed in terms of % obtained. Precision is expressed in terms of coefficient of variation (CV). The statistical method for determination of the accuracy and precision should be predefined and calculated according standard practise. Accuracy and Precision should be demonstrated for the low, medium, high and LLOQ QC samples, within a single run and between different runs results are summarised in Table 4 5. % CV (precision) =100 x Standard deviation/Mean Table 4. Accuracy and Precision of CFX Theoretical concentration ( µg/mL) Measured concentration ( µg/mL) Intra-day Inter-day %CV Accuracy (%) %CV Accuracy (%) 20 0.98 98.4 1.42 96.1 100 0.76 103.7 1.32 102.3 150 1.34 99.5 1.7 98.7 Table 5. Accuracy and Precision of SLB Theoretical concentration  µg mL-1 Measured concentration ( µg mL-1) Intra-day Inter-day %CV Accuracy (%) %CV Accuracy (%) 10 0.96 101.7 0.76 95.6 50 1.00 99.8 1.2 103.4 75 1.02 97.3 1.04 97.4 3.2.6.Stability studies Freeze and Thaw Stability Stability of analyte was determined with three freeze and thaw cycles. All the three aliquots at low, medium and high concentrations were stored at the proposed storage temperature for 24 hours and defrosted unassisted at room temperature. When completely thawed, the samples were again frozen for 12 to 24 hours under the same conditions. The same cycle was repeated two more times, and then analyzed after the third cycle. Short-Term Temperature Stability Three aliquots of low, medium and high concentrations were thawed at room temperature and at this temperature sample was kept from 4 to 24 hours and analyzed. Long-Term Stability The storage time in a long-term stability assessment should surpass the time between the date of first sample collection and the date of last sample analysis. Long-term stability was determined by storing three aliquots of the low, medium and high concentrations under the same conditions as that of the study samples. The concentrations of all the stability samples were related to the mean of back-calculated values for the standards at the suitable concentrations from the first day of long-term stability testing. Stock Solution Stability The stability of stock solutions of drug was estimated at room temperature for 6 hours. After the desired storage time, the stability was confirmed by comparing the instrument response with that of newly prepared solutions Results are summarised in Table 6. Table 6. Stability studies of CFX and SBM Stability  µg mL-1 (error %) CFX  µg mL-1 (error %) SBM 20 100 150 10 50 75 Freeze-thaw 84.5 93.3 94.9 88.5 96.3 97.9 Long term 100.5 100.6 100.8 100.5 101.6 100.8 Short term 93.9 97.6 101.4 93.9 93.6 103.4 Stock Solution 95.6 97.6 93.2 95.3 96.8 98.5 SUMMARY In this work, a simple, stability indicating, accurate and validated stability indicating HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of ceftriaxone and sulbactam in their pharmaceutical formulation was developed. The method was validated according to FDA guidelines. CFX and SBM were eluted at 7.3 min and 4.6 min respectively. The correlation coefficient (r2) for CFX and SBM were found to be 0.996 and 0.9976 respectively. Lower Limit of quantification (LLOQ) was found to be 0.87  µg mL-1 for ceftriaxone and 0.96  µg mL-1 for sulbactam. The %CV for the intraday and interday precision were found to be CONCLUSION The method includes simple and precise method for simultaneous determination of CFX sodium and SBM. It produces symmetrical peak shape, good resolution and reasonable  retention time for both drugs. So this method can be appropriate for the   simultaneous estimation of CFX sodium and SBM in quality control studies for routine analysis. AKNOWLEDGMENT The authors are thankful to The Principal, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS University, Mysore for providing all necessary facilities to carry out the research. The authors are also thankful to Strides Arco labs, Bangalore for providing the pure salbactum sodium and ceftriaxone sodium as gift samples. References Rang HP, Dale MM (1993). Pharmacology, (2nd ed.). Churchill Livingstone, ELBS. Physicians Desk Reference (1997). American Academy of Physician Assistants (51th ed). Patel FM, Dave JB , Patel CN, spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous estimation of cefuroxime sodium and sulbactam sodium in injecton, International journal of pharmaceutical sciences and research.2012; 3(9), 3513-3517. Jasmin Shah,Rasul Jan M,Sultan Shah,Naeem M, Spectrofluorimetric Protocol for Ceftriaxone in Commercial Formulation and Human Plasma After Condensation with Formaldehyde and Ethyl Acetoacetate, Journal of Fluorescence.2011; 21(6), 2155-2163. Shrivastava SM, Singh R, Ariq A, Siddiqui MR, Yadav J, Negi PS, Chaudhary M, A novel high performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of ceftriaxone and sulbactam in sulbactomax, Inter Journal of Biomed Sci. 2009; 5(1), 37-43. Durairaj S, Annadurai T, Palani Kumar B, Arunkumar S, Simultaneous Estimation of Ceftriaxone Sodium and Sulbactam Sodium using Multi-Component Mode of Analysis, Inter Journal of ChemTech Research. 2010; 2(4), 2177-2181. Huang Ying, Liang Maozhi, Yu Qin, Jiang Lei,Shi Yingkang, Determination of ceftriaxone in human plasma by HPLC, Chinease Journal of Antibiotics.2000; 25,109. Zhao Xi, Zhang Dan, Chen Hong, Determination of cefotaxime/sulbactam in plasma and pharmacokinetics in dogs by high performance liquid chromatography. Zhongguo Kangshengsu Zazhi. 2004; 29(10): 614-616. Jelinek I, Krejcirova H, Dohan J, Roubal Z, Determination of sulbactam in human serum using capillary electrophoresis,Cesk Farm.1990; 39,305–307. Foulds G, Gans DJ, Girard D, Whall TJ, Assays of sulbactam in the presence of ampicillin.Therm Drug Monit.1986;2,223–237. Lloyd RS, Joseph JK, Joseph LG (1997). Practical HPLC Method Development (2ndedition) New York: Wiley-Blackwell. FDAUS. Guidance for Industry: Bioanalytical Method Validation. Rockville, MD, USA: US Department of Health and human services, US FDA/Center for Drug Evaluation and Research; 2001.

Affirmitive Action in California :: essays research papers

Affirmative Action in California   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Affirmative action has been the subject of increasing debate and tension in our society. Affirmative action has divided political parties, communities and campuses across the nation. The basis behind affirmative action is that because of past discrimination and oppression, such as the unequal treatment of women, and the enslavement of African Americans, minorities and women have difficulty competing with their white male counterparts. Tax breaks for home buyers may not be wrong but what is wrong are those who take advantage of all kinds of breaks for themselves while denying affirmative action for the most oppressed of society. The government runs many programs to increase opportunities for various groups including women, racial and ethnic minority groups. Affirmative action is necessary to ensure the recruitment and employment of women, minorities, people with disabilities, and Vietnam veterans. Affirmative action is a term, which refers to a variety of efforts u sed by employers and educational institutions to overcome past and continuing discrimination in order to allow qualified women and minorities to compete equally for jobs, education, and promotional opportunities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When talking about affirmative action, there is a common misconception between meeting quota and satisfying goals. A quota is a number that must be achieved. Consequently, if a company fails to show it has made an effort toward following this quota the company can be fined. This is every different from an affirmative action goal. A goal is a flexible percentage, which is established by the company to achieve a diverse workforce. The percentage is based on the availability of minorities and females in the area. One of the goals is to make sure that many people are made aware of job openings as possible to ensure that the applicant pool is reflective of the number of people, who are qualified. To accomplish this, employers place advertisements in different types of journals, including journals for women and minorities. Goals and timetables encourage the hiring of members of women and minority groups. Before affirmative action, companies did not post their jobs on bu lletin boards. Somebody just happened to know someone who needed a job and the job was filled. That person was not always the best-qualified person for the job. How can a company possibly tell if it is hiring the best people if they only consider a small portion of the population? One cannot assume that all the white males out there are naturally qualified and all the minorities and women are given breaks because they could not possibly be qualified.

Personal Goals :: essays research papers

When I think of graduating from college, I see someone who is 22-years old. When I was 22 years old, I had seen more things than I care to remember. I had just left the Air Force where I was a medic in the first Gulf War. I spent most of my time in the Labor and Delivery unit of the base hospital. I loved assisting with the birth of a child. My time spent in the Labor and Delivery unit was the most wonderful and rewarding experience. Before I left the Air Force, I started taking college courses working toward a bachelor’s degree in Nursing. My dream was to obtain a Master of Nursing degree in Midwifery. As a Certified Nurse Midwife I could care for pregnant women and help them bring their babies into this world. Complete My Degree When I left the military and returned to Austin, I continued to pursue a Nursing degree, but got side-tracked in college life. That would be the party side of college life. I was not focused on my studies. I began a rewarding career by chance. I sold long distance telephone service for MCI as a part-time job. Over a very short period of time I was being promoted again and again. Eventually, I gave up on college since it did not seem I needed a degree to get ahead. While I learned a great deal through on-the-job training, I never felt like I had a complete understanding of my field. I had stumbled into a career in Information Technology and despite my lack of formal training, I continued to prove myself and to grow my career. I have since learned that I enjoy the Information Technology field very much and would like to complete my degree in Business/Information Systems rather than nursing. Learn About Business and Information Technology Despite my progression to a senior level in my field, there are still aspects of my field that I do not fully understand. I have excelled as a Business Systems Analyst for many years; however, I hope to learn more about business to help me better understand the needs of my business partners. I also hope to learn more about the many facets of Information Technology so I can begin to move toward strategic solutions development. Feel Better About Myself I have always felt terrible about leaving college. I believe it was the right thing to do at the time since I was not taking it seriously but I have always regretted quitting.

Reagan Revolution Through President Obama Essay

Ronald Wilson Reagan was the fortieth president of the United States of America. He was well known for his economic policies during his first term, which later on became well known as Reaganomics. This policy included large tax cuts which was started and implemented in 1981 Reaganomics ‘ was told to rejuvenate the morale of the American people and then let them not be dependent on the government. Supply-side economics is the basis for this economic policy which aimed to stimulate growth of the economy. Identify at least (2) two major historical turning points in the period under discussion. One historical turning point was more than twenty six years ago, Ronald Reagan ordered American troops to invade Grenada and liberate the island from its ruling Marxist dictator. By itself this would have been an insignificant military action: Grenada is a tiny island of little geopolitical significance. But in reality the liberation of Grenada was a historic event, because it signaled the end of the Brezhnev Doctrine and inaugurated a sequence of events that brought down the Soviet empire itself. The Brezhnev Doctrine stated simply that once a country went Communist, it would stay Communist. In other words, the Soviet empire would continue to advance and gain territory, but it would never lose any to the capitalist West. In 1980, when Reagan was elected president, the Brezhnev Doctrine was a frightening reality. Between 1974 and 1980, while the United States wallowed in post-Vietnam angst, 10 countries had fallen into the Soviet orbit: South Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, South Yemen, Angola, Mozambique, Ethiopia, Nicaragua, Grenada and Afghanistan. Never had the Soviets lost an inch of real estate to the West. The liberation of Grenada changed that. For the first time, a Communist country had ceased to be Communist (http://www.historynet.com/american-history) A turning point for President Obama was on May 1, 2011, American soldiers killed al-Qaida leader Osama bin Laden at his compound near Islamabad, Pakistan. Intelligence officials believe bin Laden was responsible for many deadly acts of terrorism, including the 1998 bombings of the U.S. Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania and the September 11, 2001 attacks on the Pentagon and the World Trade Center. He had been on the FBI’s â€Å"most wanted† list for more than a decade. This was not only an historical turning point under President Obama this was a turning point for America. Analyze the impact of the two (2) or more major historical turning points selected on America’s current society, economy, politics, and culture. A historical point that impacted our current culture was the bombing of the World Trade Centre September 2001 this was considered to be the gravest attack of international terrorism to be committed against America, and indeed the roots of America’s current War on Terror were born in this. As part of the plot by international terrorists to effectively strike against the United States the plan was to cause great disruption to the dynamics of daily life, commerce, and finance. For some Americans, their grief manifested itself as anger and frustration, and they looked for someone to blame for the attacks. Reverend Jerry Falwell made news by saying on his television program â€Å"The 700 Club† that â€Å"I really believe that the pagans, and the abortionists, and the feminists, and the gays and the lesbians who are actively trying to make that an alternative lifestyle, the ACLU, People for the American Way–all of them who have tried to secularize America–I point the finger in their face and say, ‘You helped this happen.'† And sadly, some anger erupted into attacks on people of Arab and Muslim descent, with nearly 600 incidents in the first 10 days after the attacks. Five hundred furious people mobbed a Chicago-area mosque and refused to leave until they were forced out by police. A Pakistani grocer was murdered in Texas. A man on an anti-Arab rampage in Arizona fatally shot a gas station owner who was an Indian-born Sikh. (This type of confusion was common since many Sikhs wear turbans, have beards and are seen as looking, as one told The New York Times, â€Å"more like bin Laden than Muslims do.†) FBI Director Robert Mueller said over and over again that â€Å"vigilante attacks and threats against Arab-Americans will not be tolerated,† but harassment and violence at mosques and in Arab-American neighborhoods continued for months. September 11th changed America in so many ways. Culturally we started to target non American’s.(www.history.com) Explain ways in which the AIDS epidemic shook American’s general confidence beginning in the 1980s The disease was first reported in 1981 and it was caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacking certain cells in the body interfering with it ability to fight off many diseases, including cancer. ) And it was absolutely incurable. A diagnosis of AIDS was a death sentence. The outbreak of the AIDS truly shocked the American people in the 80’s. At first the disease appeared to attack mostly homosexual and bisexual men. Soon, though, health officials found it to be affecting IV drug users, blood transfusion recipients, partners of AIDS victims and highest among African American women. Non one was exempt from the AIDS epidemic. Give at least two (2) examples of how the deregulation movement of the Reagan era affects us today. Discuss the factual rationale behind this nation’s decision to go to war with Afghanistan and Iraq after the 9/11 attacks as well as the response from the international community. One factual rationale behind the war emerges: the potential for nuclear, biological, or chemical weapons development in Iraq. In fact, Saddam Hussein had once used chemical weapons on his own people, another act that clearly warranted suspicion from the United States. Such a vicious crime against one’s people brings to light two other common themes for the war with Iraq in 2003: removing the Hussein regime and bringing a known villain and evil man to justice. Saddam Hussein’s rejection of the United Nations Resolution 1441 by forcing nuclear weapons inspectors out of his country also takes its place in the long line of motivations for the war; defying the resolution gives the United States and any other member of the U.N. the right to take action, according to the resolution. Another rationale is reinforced by reports indicating that the United States had made the decision to invade Afghanistan two months before the 9/11 attacks. At least part of the background to this decision was the United States’ long-time support for UNOCAL’s proposed pipeline, which would transport oil and natural gas from the Caspian Sea region to the Indian Ocean through Afghanistan and Pakistan. 15 This project had been stymied through the 1990s because of the civil war that had been going on in Afghanistan since the Soviet withdrawal in 1989. ( Rashid, Taliban 75-79 ) In the mid-1990s, the US government had supported the Taliban with the hope that its military strength would enable it to unify the country and provide a stable government, which could protect the pipeline. By the late 1990s, however, the Clinton administration had given up on the Taliban. When the Bush administration came to power, it decided to give the Taliban one last chance. During a four-day meeting in Berlin in July 2001, representatives of the Bush administration insisted that the Taliban must create a government of â€Å"national unity† by sharing power with factions friendly to the United States. The US representatives reportedly said: â€Å"Either you accept our offer of a carpet of gold, or we bury you under a carpet of bombs.† After the Taliban refused this offer, US officials told a former Pakistani foreign secretary that â€Å"military action against Afghanistan would go ahead . . . before the snows started falling in Afghanistan, by the middle of October at the latest.† And, indeed, given the fact that the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon occurred when they did, the US military was able to mobilize to begin its attack on Afghanistan by October 7. Some may say that this war was a war of necessity while others may say it was a war of choice. In conclusion, from Regan to Obama our country has seen its shares of disasters, economic failures and tragedies. Under both of these 2 term Presidents we have also seem growth and opportunity. Under Regan, the most famous and admired was the introduction Economic Recovery Act of 1981. The purpose of this act was to reduce the burden of income tax on the individuals’ .The introduction of this Act was somewhat contentious as it gave rise to arguments in the congress. Under President Obama, we have health care reform, giving people the right to have affordable health care. Reference Page http://www.historynet.com/american-history Rashid, Taliban 75-79 www.history.com

Brush Yo Teeth

Brush your teeth added 8-7-97 Original Author Unknown Sung to: â€Å"Row, Row Row your Boat† Brush, brush, brush your teeth. At least two times a day. Cleaning, cleaning, cleaning, cleaning, Fighting tooth decay. Floss, floss,floss your teeth. Every single day. Gently, gently, gently,gently, Whisking Plaque away. Rinse, rinse, rinse your teeth Every single day. Swishing, swishing, swishing, swishing, Fighting tooth decay. * Brush twice a day with an ADA — accepted fluoride toothpaste to remove plaque-the sticky film on teeth that's the main cause of tooth decay. Floss daily to remove plaque from between your teeth and under the gumline, before it can harden into tartar. Once tartar has formed, it can only be removed by a professional cleaning. * Eat a well-balanced diet that limits starchy or sugary foods, which produce plaque acids that cause tooth decay. When you do eat these foods, try to eat them with your meal instead of as a snack-the extra saliva produced during a meal helps rinse food from the mouth. * Use dental products that contain fluoride, including toothpaste. * Make sure that your children's drinking water is fluoridated.If your water supply; municipal, well or bottled does not contain fluoride, your dentist or pediatrician may prescribe daily fluoride supplements. * Take your child to the dentist for regular checkups. What Brushing Techniques Can I Show My Child? You may want to supervise your children until they get the hang of these simple steps: * Use a pea-sized dab of an ADA-accepted fluoride toothpaste. Take care that your child does not swallow the toothpaste. * Using a soft-bristled toothbrush, brush the inside surface of each tooth first, where plaque may accumulate most.Brush gently back and forth. * Clean the outer surfaces of each tooth. Angle the brush along the outer gumline. Gently brush back and forth. * Brush the chewing surface of each tooth. Gently brush back and forth. * Use the tip of the brush to clean behind each front tooth, both top and bottom. * It's always fun to brush the tongue! When Should My Child Begin Flossing? Because flossing removes food particles and plaque between teeth that brushing misses, you should floss for your children beginning at age 4. By the time they reach age 8, most kids can begin flossing for themselves.What are Dental Sealants and How Do I Know if My Child Needs Them? A dental sealant creates a highly-effective barrier against decay. Sealants are thin plastic coatings applied to the chewing surfaces of a child's permanent back teeth, where most cavities form. Applying a sealant is not painful and can be performed in one dental visit. Your dentist can tell you whether your child might benefit from a dental sealant. What is Fluoride and How Do I Know if My Child is Getting the Right Amount? Fluoride is one of the best ways to help prevent against tooth decay.A naturally occurring mineral, fluoride combines with the tooth's enamel to strengthen it. In many mu nicipal water supplies, the right amount of fluoride is added for proper tooth development. To find out whether your water contains fluoride, and how much, call your local water district. If your water supply does not contain any (or enough) fluoride, your child's pediatrician or dentist may suggest using fluoride drops or a mouthrinse in addition to a fluoride toothpaste. How Important is Diet to My Child's Oral Health? A balanced diet is necessary for your child to develop strong, decay-resistant teeth.In addition to a full range of vitamins and minerals, a child's diet should include plenty of calcium, phosphorous, and proper levels of fluoride. If fluoride is your child's greatest protection against tooth decay, then frequent snacking may be the biggest enemy. The sugars and starches found in many foods and snacks like cookies, candies, dried fruit, soft drinks, pretzels and potato chips combine with plaque on teeth to create acids. These acids attack the tooth enamel and may le ad to cavities. Each â€Å"plaque attack† can last up to 20 minutes after a meal or snack has been finished.Even a little nibble can create plaque acids. So it's best to limit snacking between meals. What Should I Do if My Child Chips, Breaks or Knocks Out a Tooth? With any injury to your child's mouth, you should contact your dentist immediately. The dentist will want to examine the affected area and determine appropriate treatment. If your child is in pain from a broken, cracked or chipped tooth, you should visit the dentist immediately. You may want to give an over-the-counter pain reliever to your child until his/her appointment.If possible, keep any part of the tooth that has broken off and take this with you to the dentist. If a tooth is completely knocked out of the mouth by an injury, take the tooth to your dentist as soon as possible. Handle the tooth as little as possible — do not wipe or otherwise clean the tooth. Store the tooth in water or milk until you g et to a dentist. It may be possible for the tooth to be placed back into your child's mouth, a procedure called reimplantation. Fine motor and measuring Toothpaste Putty In bowl, mix 2 tablespoons cornstarch, 1 tablespoon white glue, and ? teaspoon toothpaste (not gel).Add ? teaspoon water. Stir until mixture is soft like putty. Putty may begin to harden in 20 minutes; to soften add a drop of water. Projects will dry hard in 24 hours. The more you pull and stretch this like taffy the better it gets. I also keep a small container like a tuna can on the table with a little water in it. This putty dries fast and if the children just dip their fingers periodically in the water and then handle the putty the few drops of water restores the texture. You can make a picture recipe of this and each child can follow the recipe to make their own personal amount of this dough

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 14

Case study - Essay Example However for those opposing the application of market-driven approach in health care, the argument is that the model reverses the ethical priorities, by putting costs minimization measures and profits earning motives first, while rendering patient care the secondary objective. 3. Columbia/HCA applied mixed strategies, with some of them being sound while others were flawed and wrong. The strategy regarding physicians’ equity and the one involving national branding were flawed strategies. However, all of the other strategies applied were sound, since they have been applied by the nonprofit hospitals and remained successful. The physicians’ equity and the national branding strategies were wrong, since they caused tradeoffs between patient care and profits, thus encouraging the compromise of health care to patients. The other strategies were appropriate, seeking to improve the efficiency of the institution. The problem is that the degree of tenacity with which these strategies were implemented with, was so strong, such that it caused the compromise of services offered to patients, while advancing the profit making motives of the organization. However, the subsequent strategies that redefined the mission of the organization and renamed, it made t he whole situation

Marketing essentials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing essentials - Essay Example It was originally named as Cadbury Schweppes Overseas Ltd (CSOL) after its merger with Schweppes. The mission of the organisation is to offer best quality products to its customers in order to enhance its market share and brand identity in the markets of the United Kingdom as well as globally (Cadbury, n.d.). Thus, in the year 2007, Cadbury undertook a vital strategic move and shifted from the sector of beverages towards confectionary, which not only augmented its corporate image and but its profit margin as well. It started developing various products such as ‘5 stars’, ‘Perk’, ‘Celebrations’, ‘Temptations’, ‘Diary Milks and Gems’. Along with this, it also has offered milk food beverage as well namely Bournvita. Thus, it can be affirmed that Cadbury is a renowned brand and in terms of financial aspect held annual revenue of ?5, 384 million in the year 2008 (Cadbury, n.d.). The major objective of this assignment is to p repare a marketing plan for Cadbury for the next one to three years. It also highlights the situation of the company and the market in the current scenario. The paper also focuses on the SWOT analysis and competitors’ analysis in order to evaluate the existing position of the organisation, Cadbury in the global market. Moreover, it also includes development of an innovative product idea for the organisation along with financial forecasts for the product for the future three years. Analysis of Company Situation Cadbury is a reputed organisation and it mainly operates in international confectionary market. It is the second leading supplier of chocolate and other sugar confectionaries in the market of the United Kingdom (Cadbury, n.d.). As the company is operating from many years so it has established an apparent market brand image that enhanced its position to a large extent among other leading competitors. Moreover, as the organisation is functioning in global markets, it incl udes high prospects of diversifying the booming products of one market to other emerging markets. This helps to augment the market share and uniqueness of the brand in the varied emerging markets all round the globe (Scribd, n.d.). Although Cadbury functions in more than 60 countries, the maximum turnover is originated from the markets of the United States, South Africa, Ireland and United Kingdom. Along with these, other promising markets namely India, Thailand and China also offer significant impact on the growth and development of the Cadbury brand. The other important factor, which enhanced the individuality of the brand among other apparent players in the market, is heavy concentration and investment over advanced technologies. This helped the organisation to offer various new products at an efficient cost, which enhanced the dependency and receptiveness of the customers (Scribd, n.d.). Thus, it facilitated in improvement of the financial situation of the organisation as well. In addition, the strong administration team with centralised hierarchical structure facilitates Cadbury in maintaining a uniform culture, which amplifies the

Trends in Health Information Systems and Applications (slp4) Essay

Trends in Health Information Systems and Applications (slp4) - Essay Example The military’s electronic health record is the Armed Forces Health Longitudinal Technology Application (AHLTA), which provides secure online access to MHS beneficiaries records (Defense Health Information Management System [DHIMS], n.d.). This is an effective system that allows convenient global access to needed records without requiring too much time. With AHLTA, there is an assurance of continued care and enjoyment of benefits. The online enrollment easily allows beneficiaries to update personal information. This technology is efficient especially in cases new addresses or change of numbers. When the beneficiary logs on the website to update information or enroll in a certain health program, the rest of his or her records are also immediately updated. Online drug comparison permits TRICARE beneficiaries to â€Å"check for availability, costs, alternatives and details about the prescription medication all in one place,† (TRICARE, n.d.) thus they are given options on ho w health care would be provided according to their preferences and needs. Automated patient safety technology is an important innovation that looks into past and present records and treatment of the beneficiary in order to provide the optimum care and preventing complications at the same time.

Geologic Volcano Tour Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Geologic Volcano Tour - Research Paper Example In addition, there are ice caves formed from the lava tubes. The eruption type occurring in Bandera is the passive kind that produces lava flows, cinder cones and small cones. The term Hawaiian eruption is used for this eruption, as it is similar to the one that formed the Hawaiian Islands and continues to form them. Moreover, the rocks formed are called basalts and are usually black in color. In the eruptions, highly explosive eruptions fragment the magma into small cinders that result in cinder cones and gas-rich alkalic basalts make foamy lava shoot very high in the air and cool as they fall, piling up to create cones of loose particles. It is after this that craters are formed from alkali basalt resulting in the Bandera crater, therefore, the volcano is currently dormant albeit with mild signs of life considering its young age. Tectonically, the Bandera Volcanic field is located along the Jemez Lineament, an area known for crustal weakness, moreover, the zone is characterized by a concentration of late-Cenozoic volcanism. The Bandera volcanic field is also located at a transition zone between the Colorado plateau with a thick crust of over 40km (New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 2012). In addition, the crust of the area experiences stretching from regional tectonic forces. It is from this stretching that that produces areas of weakness in the brittle little crust allowing magma to force its way upwards and onto the surface. It is on the same Jemez lineament that forms the intersection between the Rio Grande rift and the Jemez Lineament, creating more lines of weakness for volcanic activity to take place. The rift of weakness, Rio Grande rift runs from the North to the South and serves as a means of accommodating East-West stretching of the crust. It is because of this that the entire area is covered with volcanic activity like the Zuni-Bandera crater and Mount Taylor (New Mexico Earth Matters, 2006). Economically, the volcanic site is know n for tourism activities. This is due to geological areas of interest such as the ice caves and the Bandera volcano. The area is open for all to see and visit with the areas labeled as unique and historic landmarks. It spots hiking trails that tourist can climb for a fee around the mountain to the ice caves and the mountain (Icecaves.com, n.d). Other than this, there are not other economic resources or activities suitable in the area for commercial or personal purposes. As for hazards associated with the volcano, there are few signs of a likelihood of an eruption, which makes it a relatively safe area in which to be. This is because despite its youth, there have not been any eruptions in over a thousand years. Groundwater The Antlers sandstone occurs in the in a 4400 square mile area of southeastern Oklahoma and runs parallel to the red river (Morton, 1992). The sandstone comprising the Antlers aquifer is only exposed in the northern side where groundwater runs unconfined (Hart & Da vis, 1981). The sandstone is made up of sand, clay, conglomerate and limestone deposited on Paleozoic rocks. The Antlers sandstone and cretaceous rocks underlie the Gulf Coast Plain Physiographic Province in an area that is mostly plain and is drained by the Red River and some of its major tributaries. The sediments mentioned from the Antlers Sandstone are representative materials that originate from the shoreline sea that

History assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

History assignment - Essay Example Kennedy earned reputation after serving three years as a democratic congressional representative from the Boston area. He advocated better working conditions, more social security for the aged and higher wages. Kennedy’s outstanding performance during the four prior presidential debates contributed to his election as president of America. Kennedy’s time in office was not entirely satisfactory. Racial segregation incapacitated his tenure in office as many congresspersons refuted his efforts making it impossible to pass crucial bills that could help curb this situation. In 1964, he signed a bill that freed African-American from bondage of segregation. In addition, he faced recession as a problem that he remedied by proposing income tax cuts. The income tax cuts became actualized thereby raising minimum wage. History has positively viewed his tenure in office for championing civil rights regardless of race (Inklebarger 28). The fact is evident when he commanded the immediate release of Martin Luther, who was the champion of black people liberation. The aftermath of him leaving office was lots of tensions. The tension arose because of his closest rival Mr. Lyndon Johnson swearing in to the office at the watch of Mrs. Kennedy. The scene is perceivably a weird experience bearing in mind that the sitting president had just died and not even buried. Pertinent information, of course, would be that of his infidelity cases. Kennedy got involved sexually with a number of women like Exner, who later confesses that Kennedy’s election could not have been successful without her input. She helped him secure votes in Illinois and West Virginia. Inklebarger, Timothy. "Digitizing camelot: archive staff at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum have been working feverishly for eight years to provide digital content for historic events leading up to the 50th anniversary of the presidents assassination in November. Now its